- 1.

3B people are in poverty, 70% of whom are women - Womens share of unpaid work had increased in most regions but women receive 1/3 of womens salary for the same work - Of the estimated 146M illiterate young people in the world, 86M are women

Why is Gender an issue in Development? A GAD Situationer

Prepared by Rhodora M.Bucoy,Ph D UP Cebu GAD/SidlakGRC

Three decades after CEDAW, women in the Philippines have come a long way. But greater strides are to come if we work in unity towards respecting, protecting and fulfilling women's rights.

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: POPULATION

Philippines is among the most populous country in the world, roughly 93 million1
Ranks 12th globally, 7th in Asia and 2nd in SE Asia

Sex ratio: 101.4, ( for every 100 females, there are 101 males)2 In 2003 NDHS survey, fertility rate per woman is at 3.5 per woman, a steady decline from 6.0 children per woman in 1970.
Although declining, 2003 fertility rate was considered relatively higher compared with fertility rate levels with other SEA countries.
Source: www.ncrfw.gov.ph; 1 NSO 2010 Population Census; 2 NSO 2000 Census of Population and Housing

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: POPULATION

Women in poor households bear more children than those who are well-off.
Those who didn't attend school bear an average 5.3 children; Those with college education have 2.7 children per woman

Population census and other household surveys revealed an increasing trend in female-headed households
10.0% (1970) ; 11.3% (1990) 12.2% (1995) ; 13.5 % (2000) 15.4% (2003)

The Status of Filipino

POPULATION, FAMILIES and HOUSEHOLDS Philippines is among the most populous countries in the world, ranking 12th globally, 7th in Asia, and 2nd in the Southeast Asia. Its population continues to balloon with an annual growth rate of 2.04 percent.

Source: NCRFW 2010

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

From January to October 2007, PNP documented 4,687 VAW cases Physical injuries and/or wife battering is the most prevalent case (58.5%) of all reported VAW cases nationwide. Reported rape cases accounted 14.7% of VAW cases. Acts of lasciviousness accounted 9.4% of all reported VAW cases.

Statistics on Violence Against Filipino Women

In 2009 the number of VAW cases reported to the police rose by 37.4 percent from the 2008 report. The increase caused the trend to go upward after a six-year downward trend from 2001 to 2006. (NCRFW 2010) For the past thirteen years since 1997, the trend peaked at a record high of 9,132 VAW cases in 2001. The trend, however, is not conclusive of a decreasing or increasing VAW incidence in the country because data are based only from what was reported to PNP. Physical injuries and/or wife battering remains to be the most prevalent case across the twelve-year period, from 19972009, accounting nearly half (45.5%) of all reported VAW cases nationwide. Reported incidence of physical injuries and/or wife battering has been decreasing in the latter years. Its peak was in 2001 at 5,668 reported cases. The decrease can be partly attributed to the enactment into law of RA 9262 or Anti-VAWC Act of 2004 which penalizes abusive

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Distribution of Average Reported VAW Cases

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

October 2006 Labor Force Survey estimated 33.2 million employed and 2.6 million unemployed population
Employed women estimated at 12.8M; while unemployed women at 936,000 Recent stats still show similar pattern

Labor Force Participation rate:

Female: 48.8%; Male: 79.1%

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

2006 NSO Survey on Overseas Filipinos Workers estimated a total of 1.52 M OFWs, a significant 14.3% increase over the previous year estimate Of the 1.52M OFWs, 50.4% are female OFWs; 49.6% are male OFWs Around 43.5 % of female OFWs were aged 15 to 29 years old, male OFWs were evenly distributed among age groups. This is a steady trend since 2005.

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

Luzon remains the largest supplier of overseas workers in the Philippines. Hongkong, Saudi and Japan are the top three destination countries of OFWs. The 2005 and 2004 surveys somehow give us a hint why Filipinos abroad are accorded with low regard or even get discriminated:
54.9% of total female OFWs were laborers and unskilled workers 55% of male OFWs were trade workers (plant/ machine operators/assemblers)

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

Remittances of female OFWs were relatively lower than their male counterpart.
of the total P85.4B estimated OFW remittances, 35.9% came from female OFWs

 OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT
The 2008 Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF) conducted by the National Statistics Office estimated a total of 2.0 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) deployed all over the world during the period April to September 2008. There was a significant 14.6 percent increase over the previous years estimate of 1.75 million OFWs.
Source: NCRFW 2010

One million OFW leave every year

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: HEALTH

Female life expectancy remains higher at 71.64 years compared to men at 66.11 years (2005-2010
projections, NSO)

2006 NSO FPS revealed that for every 100,000 live births, 162 women die during pregnancy and childbirth or shortly after birth. Philippines maternal mortality still the highest in Asia 50.6% of women at child-bearing age uses family planning method The most preferred contraceptive method is pills, followed by female sterilization.

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: HEALTH

The 2003 National Nutrition Survey showed the prevalence of 5 nutrition-related and lifestyle risk factors:
Dyslipidemia Diabetes Hypertension Smoking Obesity The prevalence of smoking in women is relatively low (12.1%) compared to men (56.3%)

Among lactating and pregnant women, anemia remains a health problem.

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: HEALTH

From January to December 2007, DOH recorded 342 HIV Ab seropositives
314 are asymptomatic 28 are full-blown AIDS (8 of which died) On the same period, women with HIV/AIDS were recorded at 1,023 cases HIV/AIDS cases for men were higher at 2,027 cases There were 7 in every 10 women OFWs with HIV/AIDS while 5 in every 10 men OFWs with HIV/AIDS Leading mode of transmission: Sexual intercourse

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: EDUCATION

8 out of 100 Filipino women and 11 out of 100 Filipino men cannot read and write (2003 NSO FLEMMS) 26 million of women can be considered basically literate. This is evident in the higher completion rates of females against males in the elementary and high school levels. Women with numerical skills (functional literacy) is higher (25 million) than men (24 million) Girls fared better in elementary and secondary education
In public elementary level, NER of female was computed at 76.90% Male NER was a little bit low at 75.28%

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: EDUCATION

Gender Parity Index is computed at 1.02 (102 girls in every 100 boys) means, more girls had enrolled in elementary education than boys. In public secondary education, female NER was only 49.59% while male NER was 41.34 percent Gender parity at secondary level is computed at 1.20, which is equivalent to 120 girls in every 100 boys. More girls completed the prescribed number of years in both elementary and secondary education
67.35% females while 58.79% males 1.15 GPI (115 girls in every 100 boys)

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: EDUCATION

For higher education enrollment, females accounted 54.48% compared to males at 45.52%
(2005-2006 school year)

27.44% females enrolled in Medical and Allied Disciplines; 24.35% enrolled in Business Administration and related disciplines In the same school year, females graduates accounted for 56.61% while males only 43.39% For vocational courses, Housekeeping and Guest Room Maintenance accounted for highest number of female graduates In 2006, licensed professional women was higher at 57.72% compared to male

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: POLITICS and GOVERNANCE

Filipino women have higher voter turn-out and are winning in elections but still continue to have little participation in politics and governance. Despite the high success rates in elections, Filipino women still have dismal participation as decision-makers in the public sector. In 2007 Senatorial elections, there were 4 women out of 37 hopefuls. Only 1 entered top 12 There were only 51 women Representatives of the total 240 Representatives as members of the Lower House.

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: POLITICS and GOVERNANCE

In 2007 elections, 2 out of 21 seats for party-list representatives were given to women's organizations. Of the total 21 elected party-list Representatives, 28.57% are women (higher than the 2004 figure of 17.39%) Recent elections women still minority in government Women participation in judiciary is also dismal.
In 2001, 19% of total incumbent judges in the first and second level courts including Shari'a courts were women In 2002, 24% In 2003, 25%

Facts and Figures on Filipino Women: POLITICS and GOVERNANCE

In the Supreme Court, women justices comprise
3 out of 15 (2001) 4 out of 15 (2002) 4 out of 14 (2003) 5 out of 15 (2004) 5 out of 15 (2007) 40.44% women passers (2001) 39.04% (2002) 43.68% (2003) 46.31% (2004) 48.27% (2005)

Statistics of Women bar passers:

2010 May Elections

Womens issues are not carried by any of the major political parties; Only issue often raised about women is the Repro health bill which rejected by almost all the candidates; Women senatoriables are not given adequate media attention; There is a need for women and gender advocates to claim our political space during the May elections and assert that gender issues are political issues.

 The participation of women in the judiciary is also dismal. In 2001, 20 percent of the total incumbent judges in the first and second level courts, including Sharia courts, were women, although it increased to 24 percent in 2002; 25 percent in 2003; and 26 percent in 2004. In the Supreme Court, there were 3 women out of 15 justices in 2001; 4 out of 15 in 2002; 4 out of 14 in 2003; 5 out of 15 in 2004; and 5 out of 15 in 2007.

Source: NCRFW 2010

Poverty Trends
Proportion of population below subsistence threshold

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1991 1997 2000 2003 2006 2015 17 15.8 13.5 14.6 12.15 24.3

Are we doing okay?

The human development index says that the Philippines is in the medium human development category.

Human Development Index, Gender Related Development Index, and Gender Empowerment Ranking of the Philippines
Year HDI Rank Philippines GDI Rank Philippines GEM Rank Philippines

1995 1997

100 98

64 81

28 35

1999
2001 2003 2005

77
70 85 90

65
62 66 77

45
46 35 45

Human Development Index- is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of "human development" and separate developed (high development), developing (middle development), and underdeveloped (low development) countries. Gender Development Index- is a composite indicator of gender equality, developed by the United Nations (UN). It aims to show the inequalities between men and women in the following areas: long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Gender Empowerment Measure- measures the participation of women and men in political decision-making. This index also has four indicators: female members of the Legislature, female participation in selected positions in public and private sector, female participation in academic and technical work, and estimated income

Social and Political Unrest

Globalization has made economy weaker & more vulnerable

2. External vulnerability: Unprecedented dependence on low value-added exports, one-sided foreign investment & overseas remittances

84% of exports to just 10 countries 77% of FDI from just US, EU & Japan 88% of remittances from only 10 countries Source countries are all seeing drastically slowing or even negative growth
3. Externally-triggered

downturn since 2008 beginning of another long period of stagnation & severe crisis

Philippines ranking high in women empowerment , but?

Challenges remain, action need to be done in various areas

End of Session I
Daghang Salamat.