FIRE
INTRODUCTION
FIRE IS AN ENERGY
CATCHES UNPREPARED
60 % SHORT CIRCUITING
80% DEATH BY ASPHYXIA
The Economic and Social Consequences of Fire Loss of life Serious business interruption
The wiping out of business profits
Causes Of Fire
Violation of stocking / storage rules Welding and cutting operations Spontaneous combustion (direct heat) Over-Heating Electrical faults Smoking
Ignorance
Carelessness Arson
2. ENERGY SOURCES
GAS AND ELECTRICITY
3. NATURAL CAUSES
SUN, LIGHTNING, FERMENTATION AND
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
Fuel
Fire Theory
In order for a fire to break out, all three elements of the fire triangle must be present. These elements are: Oxygen (Air) Fuel (Flammable materials) Heat
at at He He
Fuel
When these three elements combine under certain conditions, fire breaks out.
The fire is extinguished by the removal of one of the 3 elements
Fuel
Fuel
Questions
How can the heat be removed? How can the oxygen be removed?
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
1. TYPE A (SOLIDS)
- PAPER, WOOD, FABRIC ETC 2. 3. 4. 5. TYPE B (LIQUIDS) - PETROL, SPIRITS, WAX, OIL ETC. TYPE C (GASES) - LPG, CNG, HYDROGEN ETC. TYPE D (METALS) - MAGNESIUM, TITANIUM, LITHIUM ETC. TYPE E (FIRE IN LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS )
GAS
PETROL
&DILUTING
A TYPE (PAPER, WOOD, TEXTILE, FABRIC) B TYPE (FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS) C TYPE (FLAMMABLE GASES) ELECTRICAL HAZARDS VEHICLE PROTECTION
You must never pick up an extinguisher without having first sounded the alarm.
SMOKE
In a fire situation, smoke is the biggest killer Burning furniture produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide In smoke, disorientation occurs after a few seconds, weakness and dizziness after 30 seconds, death within 2 minutes In a crowded room filled with smoke from burning furniture, not everybody will escape
Liquids
electrical gasses
etc
Burning metals
liquids
BANNED
AS FROM 2003