MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM

Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum

With urban population increasing between 3 3.5% per annum

Yearly increase in around 5% annually

waste

generation

is

India produces 42.0 million tons of solid waste annually at present.

municipal

Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm per capita / day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.

Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of the solid waste generated.

Urban Local Bodies spend around Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- per ton on solid waste management of which,

* 60-70% of the amount is on collection alone * 20% - 30% on transportation

* Hardly any fund is spent on treatment and disposal of waste Crude dumping of waste in most of the cities

QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION

TOTAL QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS OF THE COUNTRY 1.15 LAKH TONNE PER DAY (TPD) % OF TOTAL GARBAGE 18.35% 17.08%

WASTE GENERATED IN 6 MEGA CITIES 21,100 TPD WASTE GENERATED IN METRO CITIES 19,643 TPD (1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS) WASTE GENERATED IN OTHER CLASS-I TOWNS (0.1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS)

42,635.28 TPD

37.07%

____________ _________ 83,378.28 TPD 72.50%

IF WASTE PRODUCED IN ALL CLASS-I CITIES IS TACKLED, PERCENTAGE OF WASTE SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED WOULD BE 72.5% OF TOTAL WASTE.

Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste

Compostable / Bio-degradable = 30% - 55% matter (can be converted into manure) Inert material = 40% - 45% (to go to landfill) = 5% - 10% (Recycling)

Recyclable materials

These percentages vary from city to city depending on food

habits

INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Bio-medical Notified

Waste

Handling

Rules,

1998

Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, Notified.

Reforms Agenda (Fiscal, Institutional, Legal)

2000

Technical Manual Management

on

Municipal

Solid

Waste
Solid Plant

Technology Advisory Group on Municipal Waste Management Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Integrated Nutrient Management from city compost.

Tax Free Bonds by ULBs permitted by Government of India Income Tax relief to Waste Management agencies Public-Private Partnership in SWM

Capacity Building
Urban Reforms Incentive Fund Guidelines for PSP and setting up of Regulatory Authority Introduction of Commercial Accounting System in ULBs & other Sector Reforms

Model Municipal Bye-Laws framed / circulated for benefit of ULBs for adoption
Financial Assistance by Government of India Finance Commission Grants 12th

PRESENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING

- DOMESTIC WASTE THROWN ON STREETS - TRADE WASTE ON ROADS / STREETS - CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS LEFT UNATTENDED - BIO-MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM - INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF IN OPEN AREAS SEGREGATION OF RECYCLABLE WASTE AT SOURCE NOT DONE PLACE

PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT OF GENERATION

Contd../..

DESIGN & LOCATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE STORAGE DEPOTS INAPPROPRIATE, RESULTING IN LITTERING OF

GARBAGE

ONLY -

STREET SWEEPING NOT DONE EVERYDAY

WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES WASTE PROCESSING PARTIALLY PRACTISED IN 35 ULBs

FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING

RAG PICKERS COLLECT RECYCLABLES FROM MUNICIPAL BINS / DUMPSITES AND LITTER THE CAUSING INSANITARY CONDITIONS

WASTE

REASONS FOR IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF WASTE

Lack of planning for waste management while planning townships Lack of proper institutional set up for waste planning and designing in urban local bodies Lack of technically trained manpower Lack of community involvement management,

Lack of expertise and exposure to city waste management modern techniques / best practices
Lack of awareness creation mechanism Lack of Management Information Systems Lack of funds with ULBs Indifferent attitude sustainability of ULBs to levy user

using

charges

and

Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
especially common as co-disposal of wastes Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources

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Classification of Wastes according to their Properties

Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, styrofoam containers and others)

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Classification of Wastes according to their Effects on Human Health and the Environment

Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines

Non-hazardous
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines

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