CONCRETE

Jos Mendona

CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Petrous or stony materials (Limestone, granite, marble, sandstone, etc.); Aglomerative materials (Lime, gypsum, cement); Concrete; Ceramic materials (Bricks, tiles, roof tiles, porcelain); Other materials (Metal, wood, plastic, glass, etc).

CONCRETE
WHAT IS IT?

Composite construction material; Oldest concrete dated 5600 A.C, in ex-Jugoslvia, found in the ground floor of a house in the margins of the Danube river;

The concrete as we know it today, was created in the XIX century, by

Louis Vicat, a french engineer, in 1817; The artificial cement was a mixture of limestone and clay, cooked together. Later it was replaced by the Portland cement;

CONCRETE
WHAT IS IT?

Portland cement was developed from natural cements made in Britain in the early part of the XIX century, and its name is derived from its

similarity to Portland stone. This cement is considered to originate from

Joseph Aspdin. This process was patented in 1824; In 1848, the concrete suffered a major advancement with the invention of reinforced concrete, by Joseph-Louis Lambot. He showed his invention in the Paris Universal Exposition in 1855, by building a reinforced concrete small boat;

CONCRETE
WHAT IS IT?

Joseph Manier also claimed the invention of reinforced concrete by presenting a vase made of this material, in the Universal Exposition of

1867;
From 1890, the concrete rapidly became an essencial construction material; In 1917, Eugne Freyssinet invented the vibration of concrete to improve its density; In 1929, Eugne also invented the Prestressed concrete.

CONCRETE
WHAT IS IT?

Composed of: cement (Portland cement); Other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement; Aggregate (coarse aggregate made of gravel or crushed rocks);

Fine aggregate such as sand;

Water; Chemical admixtures.

CONCRETE
TYPES OF CONCRETE

Lightweight concrete

Celular concrete;
Heavyweight concrete Concrete with metalic aggregate; High performance concrete Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC); High-strength concrete;

CONCRETE
TYPES OF CONCRETE

Architectural concrete

Exposed concrete;
White concrete; Cyclopean concrete;

CONCRETE
TYPICAL EXECUTION OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS

Assembling of the reinforced steel cage of the element that is going to be casted;

CONCRETE
TYPICAL EXECUTION OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS

Production of concrete;

Transport;

CONCRETE
TYPICAL EXECUTION OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS

Placing of the concrete;

Recovery of the formwork;

CONCRETE
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES Availability of raw materials; Economic in comparison with other materials; Doesnt need highly skilled handwork; Easy to adapt to all kinds of shapes; Non combustible material.

DISADVANTAGES Heavy material (25kN/m3) It needs mixing, casting and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete; It has low compressive strength as compared to steel, which leads to large sections in columns/beams of multistory buildings;

CONCRETE

Jos Mendona