Scheduling Issues
Classes Left
4/19 Today CH 14+15 4/24 Chapter 16 4/26 End CH 16, Study Guide and Clicker Review 4/30 FINAL EXAM
Which place would you expect to have the highest temperature during the summer?
1. Denver, Colorado (the mile high city) 2. Dallas, Texas (large city) 3. Farmers Branch, Texas (small town outside of Dallas) 4. Freeport, Maine (small town)
Which place would you expect to have the highest temperature during the summer?
1. Denver, Colorado (the mile high city) 2. Dallas, Texas (large city) 3. Farmers Branch, Texas (small town outside of Dallas) 4. Freeport, Maine (small town)
Chains or Webs?
Food
chain
web
omnivores
Why are big, fierce animals so rare? And why are there so many more plants than animals?
Biomass
10%
Where does
Expended
feces
You go out to eat at a fancy restaurant. You have a salad, salmon, and for dessert ice cream! Which part of the meal was the most energy efficient food for you to eat?
1. 2. 3. 4.
You go out to eat at a fancy restaurant. You have a salad, salmon, and for dessert ice cream! Which part of the meal was the most energy efficient food for you to eat?
1. 2. 3. 4.
Natural Selection
Causes organisms
to become better adapted to their environment not distinguish between biotic and abiotic resources as selective forces
Does
Penicillin was first isolated from a fungus growing on a plate of bacteria. This is an example of an adaptation of the fungus to fight off the bacteria. This interaction could be described as:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Penicillin was first isolated from a fungus growing on a plate of bacteria. This is an example of an adaptation of the fungus to fight off the bacteria. This interaction could be described as:
1. 2. 3. 4.
More than just a place for living, a niche is a complete way of living.
the full range of environmental conditions under which a species can live
Realized niche
15.11 Competition can be hard to see, but it still influences community structure.
Predation
One
of the most important forces shaping the composition and abundance of species in a community
Predationan interaction between two species in which one species eats the other
Predation, though, isnt restricted to the obvious interactions involving one animal chasing down and killing another. Herbivores eating leaves, fruits, or seeds is a form of predation, even though it doesnt necessarily kill the plant. And predators are not necessarily physically imposing. Each year, more than a million humans die as a result of disease from mosquito bites, compared with fewer than a dozen from shark attacks.
Why do exotic species often flourish when released into novel habitats, even though natural selection has not adapted them to this new environment?
Physical
Behavioral
1) Mechanical Defenses
adaptations such as the sharp quills of a porcupine, the prickly spines of a cactus, the wings of a bird or bat, or the tough armor protecting an armadillo or sow bug. These features, as well as claws, fangs, stingers, and other physical structures, can reduce predation risk.
2) Chemical Defenses
3) Warning Coloration
4) Camouflage
Behavioral Defenses
Include both seemingly passive and active behaviors: hiding or escaping, or alarm calling or fighting back
Why dont predators become so efficient at capturing prey that they drive the prey to extinction?
The Life-dinner Hypothesis - When a prey, such as a rabbit, for example, cant escape from a fox, the cost is its lifeand it will never reproduce again. On the other hand, when a fox cant keep up with a rabbit, all it loses is a meal; it can still go on to capture prey and reproduce in the future. In other words, the cost of losing in the interaction is much higher for the rabbit.
Parasite Predators
Parasites have some unique features and face some unusual challenges:
The parasite generally is much smaller than its host and stays in contact with the host for extended periods of time.