Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

MATLAB: Structures and File I/O

Lecture 21

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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

MATLAB Relational Operators

MATLAB supports six relational operators.

Less Than Less Than or Equal Greater Than Greater Than or Equal Equal To Not Equal To

< <= > >= == ~=

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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

MATLAB Logical Operators

MATLAB supports three logical operators. not and or ~ & | % highest precedence % next highest precedence % next highest precedence

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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

MATLAB Selection Structures

An if - elseif - else structure in MATLAB. Note that elseif is one word. if expression1 % is true % execute these commands elseif expression2 % is true % execute these commands else % the default % execute these commands end
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

MATLAB Repetition Structures

A for loop in MATLAB for x = array for x=1: 0.5 : 10 % execute these commands end

A while loop in MATLAB while expression while x <= 10 % execute these commands end
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Scalar - Matrix Addition

EDU a=3; EDU b=[1, 2, 3;4, 5, 6] b= 1 2 3 4 5 6 EDU c= b+a % Add a to each element of b c= 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Scalar - Matrix Subtraction

EDU a=3; EDU b=[1, 2, 3;4, 5, 6] b= 1 2 3 4 5 6 EDU c = b - a %Subtract a from each element of b c= -2 -1 0 1 2 3
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Scalar - Matrix Multiplication

EDU a=3; EDU b=[1, 2, 3;4, 5, 6] b= 1 2 3 4 5 6 EDU c = a * b % Multiply each element of b by a c= 3 6 9 12 15 18
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Scalar - Matrix Division

EDU a=3; EDU b=[1, 2, 3;4, 5, 6] b= 1 2 3 4 5 6 EDU c = b / a % Divide each element of b by a c= 0.3333 0.6667 1.0000 1.3333 1.6667 2.0000
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

The . operator If you want to do element by element operation on a vector or matrix. Consider A = [2, 4, 5, 8] B = [1, 2, 2, 4] Then C = A./B is [2,2,2.5,2] And D = 1./A is [.5,.25,.2,.125]
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Reading Data from Files

The load command does not always succeed in reading an input file. It only works when all lines in the file have the same ASCII format. Files with header material do not qualify, nor do binary files.

ASCII files that cannot be input with the load function can be opened and input with MATLAB functions that are similar to C language functions we have been using. The MATLAB functions include fopen, fgets, fscanf, and sscanf.

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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Opening Data files

The command to open a file for input is:

infile_id = fopen('filename','r');

The command to open a file for output is:

outfile_id = fopen('filename','w');
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Inputing Data from Open Files

After the file is opened for reading we can input one line at a time as a text string. The command to read one line from the file as a string is:

line = fgets (infile_id);

If the remainder of the data in the file all has the same format we can read the rest of the file and store it in an array with the command:

myarray = fscanf(infile_id,... '%*s%*s%*s%f');

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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Inputting Data from Open Files

Data that has been read in as a string using fgets can be parsed using the function sscanf.

The syntax to input a line and then extract and discard three columns from the string and save the fourth column of floating point data in an element in the array myarray would be:
line = fgets(infile_id); myarray(k)=sscanf(line,'%*s%*s%*s%f');
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Note on Indexing of Array Elements

Indexing in C/C++ float myarray[20]; int i; for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) { myarray[ i ] = 0.0; }
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Indexing in MATLAB % No declarations % are necessary for i = [1:20]

myarray( i ) = 0.0;
end
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Printing Data to Files

When a file has been opened for output, the command to output one line to the file as a string is: fprintf(outfile_id,'%s',line);

Lines of other data can be output by inserting the appropriate format string and variable names. For example: fprintf(outfile_id,'%f%f\n',a,b);

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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Printing to the Screen

Data can also be printed to the screen with the fprintf function. To do so, we omit the file idenification (outfile_id). For instance, to print a line of text to the screen we could use: fprintf('%s',line) and to print other data we might use:

fprintf('%f %f\n', a , b)

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