Basic of Gear

Gear Basic

K.P.Gowrishankar.
Hansen Drives Ltd.

-What is Gear? -What is Gear box? -Types of Gear -Nomenclature of gears

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Gear Basic

What is the definition of gear ?

-A round or cylindrical mechanical component with teeth, used to transmit power.

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-Gears are designed to mesh with one another and can alter the speed, torque, or direction of mechanical energy.

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What is the definition of gearbox? -A gearbox can also change the speed, direction, or torque
of mechanical energy.

Gear Basic
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Gear types:-SPUR GEAR,

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-RACK AND PINION, -INTERNAL RING GEAR, -HELICAL GEAR, -DOUBLE HELICAL GEAR,
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Gear types:-FACE GEAR, -WORM GEAR,

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-HYPOID GEAR, -STRAIGHT BEVEL GEAR & -SPIRAL BEVEL GEAR,

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SPUR GEAR:Spur gears are the most common type used. Some noise is normal.

Gear Basic
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RACK AND PINION:Rack and pinion gears are essentially a linear shaped variation of spur gear.

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Internal ring gear:Internal gear is a cylindrical shaped gear with the meshing teeth inside or outside a circular ring .Internal ring gears may be used within a planetary gear arrangement.

Gear Basic
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Helical gear:Helical gear is a cylindrical shaped gear with helicoid teeth.Helical gears operate with less noise and vibration than spur gear.At any time,the load on helical gears is distributed over several teeth,resulting in reduce wear. They are widely used in industry.

Gear Basic

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Double Helical Gear:Double Helical gear may have both left-hand & Right hand helical teeth.

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Face Gear:Face gears are a circular disk with a ring of teeth cut on one side.

Gear Basic
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Straight bevel gear:Straight bevel gears have tapered conical teeth which intersect the same tooth geometry. Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between shaft with intersecting center lines.

Gear Basic
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Hypoid gear:Hypoid gears are typically found within the differential of automobiles. Hypoid gears are similar to spiral bevel gears expect that the shaft center lines do not intersect

Gear Basic
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Spiral Bevel gear:Spiral bevel gears have a helical angle spiral teeth.

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Sun and planet gear

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Epicyclic gearing

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Nomenclature

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Gear or wheel. Pinion. Axis. Pitch point (p). Pitch circle. Pitch diameter (D). Module (m).

Gear Basic

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Pressure angle (). Outside diameter (Do). Root diameter. Addendum (a). Dedendum (b). Whole depth (ht). Clearance.

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Working depth. Circular pitch (p). Base circle. Interference. Lead. Linear pitch (p). Lead angle (). Pitch diameter (Dw).

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Gear or wheel. The larger of two interacting gears Pinion. The smaller gear in a pair. Axis. The axis of revolution of the gear; center line of the

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shaft. Pitch point (p). The point where the line of action crosses a line joining the two gear axes. Pitch diameter (D). Diameter of a pitch circle. Equal to twice the perpendicular distance from the axis to the pitch point. Module (m). The module of a gear is equal to the pitch diameter divided by the number of teeth.
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Outside diameter (Do). Diameter of the gear, measured from the tops of the teeth.

Root diameter. Diameter of the gear, measured from the base of the tooth space. Addendum (a). The radial distance from the pitch surface to the outermost point of the tooth. a=(Do-D) / 2.

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Dedendum (b). The radial distance from the depth of the tooth trough to the pitch surface. b=(D-rootdiameter) / 2. Whole depth (ht). Whole depth (tooth depth) is the total depth of a tooth space, equal to addendum plus dedendum, also equal to working depth plus clearance Clearance. Clearance is the distance between the root circle of a gear and the addendum circle of its mate Working depth. Working depth is the depth of engagement of two gears, that is, the sum of their
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operating addendums.

Lead. The distance from any point on a thread to the corresponding point on the next turn of the same thread, measured parallel to the axis.

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Point of contact :-A point of contact is any point

at which two tooth profiles touch each other

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Line of contact

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Contact ratio:mating gear

it can be defined as a measure of the average number of teeth in contact during the period in which a tooth comes and goes out of contact with the

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Backlash :-clearance between mating components in

reversible mechanical couplings

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Tooth profile :-A profile is one side of a tooth in

a cross section between the outside circle and the root circle

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Pitch:-Pitch is the distance between a point on one

tooth and the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth

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Circular pitch, p:-Circular pitch is the arc distance

pitch circle or pitch line between corresponding profiles of adjacent

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Gear materials:-Numerous nonferrous alloys,

cast irons, powder-metallurgy and even plastics are used in the manufacture of gears. However steels are most commonly used because of their high strength to weight ratio and low cost.

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Measurement over pins:-Measurement over pins is t

measurement of the distance taken over a pin positioned in a tooth space and a reference surface.

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Span measurement:-Span measurement is the

measurement of the distance across several teeth in a normal plan

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Thank you to all

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