Bab 03 Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input
BAB III
PIPING INPUT
Input Spreadsheet
Node & Elements Definition

Fluida dan material pipa Pembebanan Tumpuan
Training on Caesar II
3.1 Input Spread Sheets

Nomor Nodal Panjang Element Diameter Weight/ Schedule
3.2 Data Fields 3.2.1 Node Number
Untuk titik nodal yang pertama diketik nomor nodal awal dari (from) dan ke (to). Jumlah nodal maksimum yang dapat dimasukkan adalah 32000 Jika increment pada nodal selanjutnya konstan, titik nodal selanjutnya tidak perlu dimasukkan lagi cukup tekan icon Continue
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Jika ingin kembali ke element sebelumnya tekan icon previous element
3.2.2 Element Length Cara penulisan panjang element seperti pada contoh dibawah ini :
Panjang Element :
DX The delta X (DX) dimension defines the elements projected length along the global X direction. DY The delta Y (DY) dimension defines the elements projected length along the global Y direction. DZ
The delta Z (DZ) dimension defines the elements projected length

along the global Z direction.
Element Offsets
Element Offsets are used to correct an elements modeled dimensions back to its actual dimensions.
1. Activate by double-clicking the Offsets checkbox on the Pipe Element Spreadsheet. Deactivate by double-clicking a second time. 2. Specify the distances from the TO nodes position in 3-D space to the actual TO end of the element.
3. Specify the distances from the FROM nodes position in 3-D space to the actual FROM end of the element. Note Any offset direction distances left blank default to zero. Training on Caesar II

Thermal expansion is 0 for the offset portion of an offset element. No element flexibility is generated for the offset portion of the element. A common usage for the offset element
is shown in the following figure:
Offset hanya bisa digunakan untuk elemen yang lurus
3.2.3 Pipe Section Properties

Satuan : in
Satuan : in
Corrosion tolerance tidak diperhitungkan dalam strength & stiffness Berat dari insulation thickness secara otomatis dimasukkan Insulation faktor 1.75 diaplikasikan ke rigid element
Mill tolerance 12.5 %, adalah batas tebal dinding pipa boleh berkurang dari nilai nominalnya
3.2.3.1 Diameter
Outside diameter (D0), jika dimasukkan nominal diameter
langsung akan diubah menjadi D0 Untuk mencegah koversi ke outside diameter turned off nominal pipe schedule pada UNITS Contoh nominal diameter
ANSI Nominal Pipe OD's, in inches (file ap.bin) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42
JIS Nominal Pipe ODs, in millimeters (file jp.bin) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400450 500 550 600 650 DIN Nominal Pipe ODs, in millimeters (file dp.bin) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
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3.2.3.2 Wt/Sch
The wall thickness/schedule field : schedule pipa tebal nominal pipa The available schedules ANSI B36.10 Steel Nominal Wall Thickness
S Standard
XS - Extra Strong
XXS - Double Extra Strong ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers: 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANSI B36.19 Stainless Steel Schedules: 5S 10S 40S 80S
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JIS PIPE SCHEDULES 1990 Steel Schedules:
10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

1990 Stainless Steel Schedules: 5S 10S 40S DIN PIPE SCHEDULES none
Note: Only the s (standard) schedule applies to wall thickness calculations for DIN
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3.2.3.3 Mill Tolerance +Mill Tol %

The positive Mill Tolerance is used by the IGE/TD/12 code for determining the effects of increased weight and thermal force due to a potentially thicker wall. The user may change this value on an element by element basis. This option is only activated when the IGE/TD/ 12 code is active. -Mill Tol % The negative Mill Tolerance is read in from the configuration file for use in minimum wall thickness calculations. Also, for the IGE/TD/12 code, this value is used in conjunction with the corrosion allowance to calculate a reduced section modulus for use in stress cal-culations.
Training on The user may change this value on anCaesar II element by element
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Chapter III Piping Input Seam-Welded This directive is only activated when the IGE/TD/12 code is active. This is used to indicate when straight pipes are seam welded and affects the Stress Intensification Factor calculations for that pipe section due to Seam Welded fabrication. 3.2.3.4 Corrosion Enter the corrosion allowance to be used order to calculate a reduced section modulus. A setup file directive is available to consider all stress cases as corroded. 3.2.3.5 Insul Thk (Insulation Thickness) Enter the thickness of the insulation to be applied to the piping. Insulation applied to the outside of the pipe will be included in the dead weight of the system, and in the projected pipe area used for wind load computations. If a negative value is entered for the insulation thickness, the program will Training on Caesar II model refractory lined pipe. The thickness will be assumed to be the
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Chapter III Piping Input 3.2.4 Temperatur dan Tekanan
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3.2.4.1 Temperatures
There are nine temperature fields, to allow up to nine different operating cases. Temperature values are checked (by the error checker) to insure they are within the code allowed ranges. Users can exceed the code ranges by entering the expansion coefficient in the tem-perature field in units of length/length (use <F1> to obtain more information on this sub-ject). The expansion coefficient can be a useful method of modeling cold spring effects. Values entered in the temperature field whose absolute values are less than the Alpha Tol-erance are taken to be thermal expansion coefficients, where the Alpha Tolerance is a configuration file parameter and is taken to be 0.05 by default. For example; if the user wanted to enter the thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to 11.37in./100ft., the calcu-lation would be:
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Note:
A cut short is no more than reducing a pipe elements length to zero (for example; if we wanted 8.5 cm of cold spring we could put in an 8.5 cm long element and then thermally shrink its length to zero), a thermal expansion coefficient of 1.0 will do exactly that. This allows cold spring to be manipulated as an individual thermal case rather than as a concentrated force. However, the alpha tolerance in the setup file must be set to some number slightly larger than 1.0, i.e.
Alpha Tolerance = 1.1

Access to operating conditions 4 through 9 is granted through the Extended Operating Conditions input screen, accessible via the Ellipses Dots button directly to the right of the
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3.2.4.2 Pressures
There are nine pressure fields, to allow up to nine different pressures cases. <F1> can be used to obtain the current input units for the pressure fields (English default is lbs/in.2 ). When multiple pressures are entered, the user should be particularly careful with the setup of the analysis load cases, and should inspect CAESAR IIs recommendations carefully before proceeding. Access to operating conditions 4 through 9 is granted through the Extended Operating Conditions input screen, accessible via the Ellipses Dots button directly to the right of the standard Temperature and Pressure input fields. This dialog box may be retained open or closed at the convenience of the user.
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3.2.5 Special Element Information 3.2.5.1 Bend
= 1.5 x diameter
Jumlah Potongan pada belokan

Contoh penomoran nodal pada belokan :
Untuk Lebih jelasnya pada Chapter VI

Fitting thickness
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Chapter III Piping Input Radius CAESAR II makes the long radius bend calculation whenever a bend is input. If the user wishes to use some other bend radius the new bend radius can be entered in this field.
Type
For most codes, this refers to the number of attached flanges, and can be selected from the drop list. If there are no flanges on the bend then leave the Type f i el d blank. A bend should be considered flanged if there is any heavy/rigid body within 2 diameters of the bend that will significantly restrict the bends ability to ovalize. When using the BS 7159 or UKOOA Codes with Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) pipe, this entry refers to the material laminate type, and may be 1, 2, or 3. These laminate types are All chopped strand mat (CSM) constructing with internal and external surface tissue reinforced layer. Chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) construction with internal and external surface tissue reinforced layer.
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3.2.5.2. Rigid dan Expansion Joints
= 1 x berat fluida yang mengalir di pipa + 1.75 x berat insulasi
If the weight of a rigid element is zero or blank, CAESAR II assumes the element is an artificial construction element rather than an actual piping element, so no insula-tion or fluid weight is computed for that element. (Artificial = Weighless)
Bellow Stiffness properties (=1 untuk flexible bellow , 1E+12 untuk rigid bellow)
Satuan untuk : tranlational stiffnes (lb/in), rotational stiffness (in.lb/deg) Nilai default untuk torsional stiffness adalah 0.1E+06
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Chopped strand mat (CSM) and multi-filament roving construction with internal and external surface tissue reinforced layer. Laminate type affects the calculation of flexibility factors and stress intensification factors for the BS 7159 and UKOOA Codes only.
Angle Angle to a point on the bend curvature. The user may place additional nodes at any point on the bend curvature providing the added nodes are not within 5 degrees of each other. (The 5 degree node-spacing limit may be changed via the configuration file if necessary.) Note that the element To node is always physically located at the far end of the bend. By default CAESAR II places a node at the midpoint of the bend (designated by the letter M in this field), as well as at the 0-degree position (start) of the bend if possible.
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Miter Points
Number of cuts in the bend if mitered. The bend SIF scratch pad may be invoked from the pipe spreadsheet by choosing Kaux - Review SIFs at Bend Nodes. When the user enters a valid mitered bend node number, CAESAR II tells the user if the mitered bend input is closely or widely spaced. If the bend is determined to be widely spaced and the number of miter cuts is greater than 1, then it is recommended that the bend be broken down into n single cut widely spaced miters, where n is the total number of cuts in the bend. The number of cuts and the radius of the bend are all that is required to calculate the SIFs and flexibilities for the bend as defined in the B31 codes. The bend radius and the bend miter spacing are related by the following equations:
Closely Spaced Miters R = S / (2 tan . )
q = Bend Angle / (2 n) where n = number of miter cuts Widely Spaced Miters R = r 2 (1.0 + cot q) / 2.0 r 2 = (ri + ro) / 2.0 = Bend Angle / 2.0II Training on Caesar
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3.2.5.3. SIF & Tees
Jenis Intersection pada CAESAR II
This auxiliary screen is used to enter stress intensification factors, or fitting types at up to two nodes per spreadsheet. If components are selected from the drop list, CAESAR II automatically calculates the SIF values as per the applicable code (unless overridden by the user). Certain fittings and certain codes require additional data as shown. Fields are enabled as appropriate for the selected fitting.
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3.2.6 Boundary Conditions

3.2.6.1. Restraints
Restraint Type Abbreviation 1 - Anchor ........................................................................................... A 2 - Translational Double Acting ............................................ X, Y, or Z 3 - Rotational Double Acting ......................................... RX, RY, or RZ 4 - Guide, Double Acting ................................................................ GUI 5 - Double Acting Limit Stop ......................................................... LIM 6 - Translational Double Acting Snubber ............ XSNB,YSNB, ZSNB 7 - Translational Directional ............................. +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z 8 - Rotational Directional .................................... +RX, -RX, +RY, etc. 9 - Directional Limit Stop .................................................. +LIM, -LIM 10 - Large Rotation Rod ..................................... XROD, YROD, ZROD 11 - Translational Double Acting Bilinear ............................ X2, Y2, Z2 12 - Rotational Double Acting Bilinear ......................... RX2, RY2, RZ2 13 - Translational Directional Bilinear ..................... -X2, +X2, -Y2, etc. 14 - Rotational Directional Bilinear ................ +RX2, -RX2, +RY2, etc. 15 - Bottom Out Spring ......................................... XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR 16 - Directional Snubber ......................... +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.
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3.2.6.2. Displacement
D = displacement (in.) R = rotations (derajat)
Jika pada kolom diatas tidak diisikan (blank) berarti pada nodal tersebut bebas bergerak, jika diisi dengan nilai nol berarti pada nodal tersebut tidak boleh terjadi perpindahan
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3.2.6.3 Hangers
Jenis Hanger pada CAESAR II : 1-PSS-Grinnel 10-Basic Engineers
2-Bergen Paterson 11-Inoflex(Italy)

3-Power Piping 12-E. Myatt & Co.(Canada) 4-NPS Industries 13-Sinopec(China)
5-Lisega 14-Bhel(India)
6-Fronek 15-Flexider(Italy) 7-Piping Technology 16-Carpenter & Paterson (UK) 8-Capitol 17-Comet(UK) 9-Piping Services 18-Hydra(Germany) Tampilan ini untuk menggambarkan instalasi hanger 19-Sarathi (India)
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3.2.6.4. Nozzles
This auxiliary screen is used to describe flexible nozzle connections. When entered in this way, CAESAR II automatically calculates the flexibilities and inserts them at this location. CAESAR II calculates nozzle loads according to WRC 297, API 650 or BS 5500 criteria.
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3.2.7 Loading Conditions

3.2.7.1. Forces/Moments
This auxiliary screen is used to enter imposed forces and/or moments at up to two nodes per spreadsheet. Up to nine force vectors may be entered (load components F1 through F9).
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3.2.7.2. Uniform Loads
This auxiliary screen is used to enter up to three uniform load vectors (load components U1, U2 and U3). These uniform loads are applied to the entire current element, as well as all subsequent elements in the model, until explicitly changed or zeroed out with a later entry.
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3.2.7.3 Wind/Wave
This auxiliary screen is used to specify whether this portion of the pipe is exposed to wind or wave loading. (Note that the pipe may not be exposed to both.) Selecting Wind exposes the pipe to wind loading; selecting Wave exposes the pipe to wave, current, and buoyancy loadings; selecting Off turns off both types of loading. This screen is also used to enter the Wind Shape Factor (when Wind is specified) and vari-ous wave coefficients (if left blank they will be program-computed) when Wave Loading is specified. Entries on this auxiliary screen apply to all subsequent piping, until changed on a later spreadsheet. Training on Caesar II
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3.2.8 Piping Material
Elastic modulus dan poisonss ratio akan secara otomatis terisi jika materialnya telah dipilih
Material Elastic Properties
SC = cold allowable stress SH = hot allowable stress F1 = Force reduction faktor (0.3 1.0)
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List Caesar II Piping Code

ANSI B31.1 (1998) November 30, 1999 ANSI B31.3 (1999) April 15, 1999 ANSI B31.4 (1998) April 30, 1999 ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (1998) April 30, 1999 ANSI B31.5 (1992) August 31, 1994 ANSI B31.8 (1995) December 7, 1995 ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (1995) December 7, 1995 ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (1998) July 1, 1999 ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (1998) July 1, 1999 U.S. NAVY 505 (1984) CANADIAN Z662 (9/95) BS 806 (1993, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 1993) SWEDISH METHOD 1 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979) SWEDISH METHOD 2 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)
ANSI B31.1 (1967) STOOMWEZEN (1989) RCC-M C (1988) RCC-M D (1988) CODETI (1995) NORWEGIAN (1990, Rev 1)
FBDR (1995)
BS7159 (1989) UKOOA (1994) IGE/TD/12 (1990)
DNV (1996)
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Piping Materials
Material Name Materials are entered either by name or number. Nomor 1-17 correspond to the generic materials, without code allowable stresses. Nomor 18 represents the cold spring element for cut short and material 19 represents the cold spring element for cut long. Material 20 is used to define Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) pipe. Spreadsheet agak berbeda
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When a material has been selected from the database, the physical properties as well as the allowable stresses are obtained and placed on the spreadsheet. At any later time, if the temperature or piping code is changed, these allowable stress values are automatically updated.
Material Properties
Modulus of elasticity, Poissons ratio, and pipe density fields are automatically filled in when a material number is entered. If the user wishes to override any material property extracted from the database, he or she may do so simply by changing the value to be modified after the material number has been entered. Training on Caesar II
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3.2.9 Density
Pipe density akan secara otomatis terisi jika materialnya telah didefinisikan Fluid density dapat dinyatakan dalam specific gravity (SG) misalnya : 0.85 SG
Nilai untuk Insulation Density dapat dilihat pada tabel disamping ini
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Densities
Pipe Density The appropriate pipe density is filled in automatically when a proper material number is input. This value may be overridden by the user at any time. It will then be the users value that gets column-duplicated through the remainder of the input. Insulation Density The appropriate insulation density should be entered which corresponds to the type of insulation being used. <F1> can be used to obtain a list of suggested densities, in the proper units. If this cell is left blank and an insulation thickness has been specified, CAESAR II uses a value of .006655 lbs/in 2 . Fluid Density When the internal fluid the piping system transports would significantly effect the weight loads, the fluid density should be specified. When the specific gravity of the fluid is known, it can be entered here instead of the density, eg. .85SG. Specific gravities are con-verted to the appropriate densities immediately on input. Note that to enter specific grav-ity, follow Training on Caesar II the numeric value with the two letters SG (no spaces); this value will then
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3.3 Menu Commands

3.3.1 File Menu
The File menu is used to perform actions associated with opening, closing and running the job file.
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New Creates a new CAESAR II job. CAESAR II prompts for the name of the new model.
Open Opens an existing CAESAR II job. CAESAR II prompts for the name
Save Saves the current CAESAR II job under its current name.
Save As Saves the current CAESAR II job under a new name. Archive Allows the user to assign a password to prevent inadvert-ent alteration of the model or to enter the password to unlock the file.
Start Run Runs the job i.e., sends the model through interactive error checking. This is the first step of analysis, followed by the building of the static or dynamic load cases (see Chapter 6).
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Batch Run Performs a Batch Run (error checks the model in a non-interactive way and halts only for fatal errors uses the existing or default static load cases, and performs the static analysis). The next
stop is the output processor.

Print Allows the user to print out an input listing. CAESAR II prompts the user for the data items to include. Print Preview Provides print preview of input listing. Print Setup Sets up the printer for the input listing.
Training on Caesar II Recent File List Open a file from the list of most recently
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3.3.2 Edit Menu
The edit menu provides commands for cutting and pasting, navigating through the spread-sheets, and performing a few small utilities. These commands are:
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Continue Moves the spreadsheet to the next element in the model, adding a new element if there is no next element.
Insert Inserts an element either before or after the current element.
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Delete Deletes the current element. Find Allows the user to find an element containing one or more named nodes (if two nodes are entered, the element must contain both nodes).
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Chapter III Piping Input Global Prompts the user to enter global (absolute) coordinates for the first node of any disconnected segments. Close Loop Closes a loop by filling in the delta coordinates between two nodes on the spreadsheet. Increment Gives the user the opportunity to change the automatic node increment. Distance Calculates the distance between the origin and a node, or between two nodes. List Presents the input data in an alternative, list format. This pro-vides the benefit of showing all of the element data in a context set-ting. The list format also permits block operations such as Duplicate,
Training the element Delete, Copy, Renumber onon Caesar II data.
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List Input Format
Gunakan : [Pg Dn], [Pg Up], Ctrl +[Home], Ctrl +[End] untuk berpindah ke element berikutnya
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3.3.3 Model Menu
The Model menu contains modeling aids, as well as means for entering associated, system wide information.
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3.3.3.1 Break
Break Allows the user to break the element into two unequal length elements or into many equal length elements. A single node may be placed as a break point anywhere along the element, or multiple nodes may be placed at equal intervals (the node step interval between the From and To nodes determines the number of nodes placed).
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3.3.3.2 Valve
Val ve Allows the user to model a valve or flange from one of the CAESAR II data-bases. Choosing a combination of Rigid Type, End Type, and Class constructs a rigid element with the length and weight extracted from the database.
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3.3.3.3 Expansion joint

Expansion Joints Activates the Expansion Joint Modeler. This modeler automati-cally builds a complete assembly of the selected expansion joint style, using the bel-lows stiffnesses and rigid element weights extracted from one of the vendors expansion joint catalogues.
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3.3.3.4 Job title

Title Allows the user to enter a job title up to sixty lines long.
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3.3.3.5 Hanger Design Control Hanger Design Control Data Prompts the user for system Data wide hanger design cri-teria.
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3.4 Kaux Menu
Review SIFs at Intersection Nodes Allows the user to run what if tests on the Stress Intensification Factors of intersections. Review SIFs at Bend Nodes Allows the user to run what if tests on the Stress Intensification Factors of selected bends. Special Execution Parameters Allows the user to set options affecting the analysis of the current job. Items covered include ambient temperature, pressure stiffening, dis-placements due to pressure (Bourdon effect), etc.
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Special Execution Parameters
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Chapter III Piping Input Include Piping Input Files Allows the user to include other piping models in the current model. The same file may be included more than once by highlighting it in the list, then changing the rotation angle (ROTY) or nodal increment (Inc) before clicking the ADD button.
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Include Structural Input Files Allows the incorporation of structural models into the piping model.
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3.5 Plot
This menu option provides two types of graphics the traditional CAESAR II graphics, as well as a "sneak preview" of CAESAR IIs new 3-D graphics library. When selected, these graphics will replace CAESAR IIs traditional graphics.
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The model may be panned left, right, up, or down by using the [Home], [End], [PgUp], or [PgDn] keys respectively.
Zooming can be accomplished by clicking the mouse and dragging a box around the desired zoom area, or by using the + and - keys. The model can be rotated by pressing the arrow keys. Training on Caesar II
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Additional commands are available for displaying, highlighting, or labeling the plot. Some of these are :
Volume Toggles between volume and centerline representation while in line drawing mode.
Render Renders the piping model.

Wire Frame Draws the piping model in wire frame. Line Drawing Switches to line drawing mode from render or wire
frame.
Highlight Changes drawing color based on element attributes. Range Displays elements based on node ranges.
X View along X-axis.

Y View along Y-axis. Z View along Z-axis.
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Southeast View in Southeast isometric mode. 4 View in all four modes simultaneously. Restraints Displays non-anchor, nonhanger restraints. Anchors Display anchors. Hangers Displays hangers. Forces Labels imposed forces. Displacements Labels imposed displacements. Nozzles Display flexible nozzles. Nodes Labels plot with node numbers. Length Labels plot with element lengths.
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The View Spreadsheet command allows the user to maintain both the plot and the spreadsheet on the screen simultaneously. The current plot may be output to the clipboard, a bitmap (.BMP) file, or a printer through use of the Edit-Copy, File-Save As Bitmap, or File-Print comTraining on Caesar II mands, respectively.
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3.6 Alternative 3-D Graphics CAESAR II provides a new preliminary 3-D graphics library called HOOPS...., which will be expanded in the future. Not all of the old graphics capabilities have been modified to support this new library. For this reason, two plot buttons can be found on the piping input spreadsheet. The icon with the "magnifying glass" produces the familiar graphics CAESAR II has always provided. The icon immediately to the left, a "magnifying glass with an H", produces graphics utilizing the new library. The toolbar controls for this new graphics library are discussed below.
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Reset Plot: Displays the plot in its default configuration. Undo, Redo: Operate the plot in typical "undo / redo" fashion. Zoom Window & Zoom Extents
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Chapter III Piping Input Predefined Views --viewing down the "z" axis, to the "xy" plane --viewing down the "y" axis, to the "xz" plane
--viewing down the x" axis, to the "yz" plane -the isometric view
Plot Manipulation
--activate an interactive rotation feature when the left mouse button is held down --activate a zoom in / out action when the left mouse button is held and the mouse is moved left or right --activate an action when the left mouse button is held and the mouse is moved
--a future "walk through" capability
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Nodes: Places the node numbers on the plot.
Fill: Present the plot in variety of modes.

--Gouraud Shading
--hidden line
--wire frame --double line (volume)
--single line
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Element Selection --Single element selection (clicking), the active spreadsheet is changed to the element selected. --Group element selection (drag mouse for window around group). Annotate, Plot Information, and Save as Tiff File Plot Colors: produces a dialog which allows the user to specify the colors used for various plot entities (pipes, valves, background, etc).
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Plot Projection
--perspective projection --orthographic projection --stretched projection Display Restraints --plot all restraints except anchors --plot anchors --plot spring hangers Select by Single Click Clicking on elements when this option is selected causes the input spreadsheet for the chosen element to be displayed in the background. Additionally, a dialog box with basic element geometry information is updated within the plot window as shown in the following figure. Training on Caesar II
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Tampilan Grafik 3 D
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End of Chapter III
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Chapter III Piping Input

Node & Elements Definition

Chapter III Piping Input

3.1 Input Spread Sheets

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2 Data Fields 3.2.1 Node Number

Jika ingin kembali ke element sebelumnya tekan icon previous element

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

The delta Z (DZ) dimension defines the elements projected length

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

is shown in the following figure:

Offset hanya bisa digunakan untuk elemen yang lurus

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.3 Pipe Section Properties

Chapter III Piping Input

ANSI Nominal Pipe OD's, in inches (file ap.bin) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

JIS PIPE SCHEDULES 1990 Steel Schedules:

10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.3.3 Mill Tolerance +Mill Tol %

Chapter III Piping Input 3.2.4 Temperatur dan Tekanan

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

Alpha Tolerance = 1.1

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.5 Special Element Information 3.2.5.1 Bend

Jumlah Potongan pada belokan

Untuk Lebih jelasnya pada Chapter VI

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.5.2. Rigid dan Expansion Joints

= 1 x berat fluida yang mengalir di pipa + 1.75 x berat insulasi

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

Closely Spaced Miters R = S / (2 tan . )

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.5.3. SIF & Tees

Jenis Intersection pada CAESAR II

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.6 Boundary Conditions

Chapter III Piping Input

D = displacement (in.) R = rotations (derajat)

Chapter III Piping Input

2-Bergen Paterson 11-Inoflex(Italy)

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.7 Loading Conditions

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.7.2. Uniform Loads

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.8 Piping Material

Material Elastic Properties

Chapter III Piping Input

List Caesar II Piping Code

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input

Chapter III Piping Input