Laceys Regime

Laceys Regime
Theory
Theory
Gerald Lacey -- 1930
Lacey followed Lindleys hypothesis:
dimensions and slope of a channel to carry a given
discharge and silt load in easily erodable soil are uniquily
determined by nature.
According to Lacey:
Silt is kept in suspension by the vertical component of
eddies generated at all points of forces normal to the wetted
perimeter.
Regime Channel
A channel is said to in regime, if there is neither silting nor
scouring.

According to Lacey there may be three regime conditions:
(i) True regime;
(ii) Initial regime; and
(iii) Final regime.
(1)True regime
A channel shall be in 'true regime' if the following conditions
are satisfied:
(i) Discharge is constant;
(ii) Flow is uniform;
(iii) Silt charge is constant; i.e. the amount of silt is constant;
(iv) Silt grade is constant; i.e., the type and size of silt is
always the same; and
(v) Channel is flowing through a material which can be
scoured as easily as it can be deposited (such soil is known as
incoherent alluvium), and is of the same grade as is
transported.
But in practice, all these conditions can never be satisfied.
And, therefore, artificial channels can never be in 'true
regime; they can either be in initial regime or final regime.
(ii) Initial regime
bed slope of a channel varies
cross-section or wetted perimeter remains unaffected
(iii) Final regime
all the variables such as perimeter, depth, slope, etc. are
equally free to vary and achieve permanent stability,
called Final Regime.
In such a channel,
The coarser the silt, the flatter is the semi-ellipse.
The finer the silt, the more nearly the section attains a semi-
circle.
Laceys Equations: Laceys Equations:
Fundamental Equations:
Derived Equations:
(Laceys Non-regime flow equation)
R
V
f fR V
2
2
5
or
5
2

5 2
140V Af
2
1
3
2
8 . 10 S R V
Q P 75 . 4
6
1
2
140
1
]
1

Qf
V
2
1
2
3
4980R
f
S
6
1
3
5
3340Q
f
S
2
1
4
3
1
S R
N
V
a

Laceys Channel Design Laceys Channel Design

Procedure Procedure
Problem:
Design an irrigation channel in alluvial soil from following
data using Laceys theory:
Discharge = 15.0 cumec; Laceys silt factor = 1.0; Side
slope = : 1
Solution:

sec / 689 . 0 )
140
1 15
( )
140
(
6
1
6
1
2
m
Qf
V

2
77 . 21
689 . 0
15
m
V
Q
A
m 1 8 . 4 1 5 7 5 . 4 7 5 . 4 Q P
m 36 . 1
742 . 3
) 77 . 21 ( 944 . 6 ) 4 . 18 ( 4 . 18
742 . 3
944 . 6
2 2

A P P
D
m 36 . 15 ) 36 . 1 ( 5 4 . 18 5 D P B
m 185 . 1
1
) 689 . 0 (
2
5
2
5
2 2

f
V
R
5245
1
) 15 ( 3340
) 1 (
3340
6
1
3 5
6
1
3
5

Q
f
S
Problem:
The slope of an irrigation channel is 0.2 per thousand. Laceys
silt factor = 1.0, channel side slope = : 1. Find the full
supply discharge and dimensions of the channel.
Data:
S = 0.2/1000 = (0.2 x 5) / (1000 x 5) = 1/5000
Solution:
cumec
S
f
Q
Q
f
S 25 . 11
5000
1
3340
1
3340
3340
6
3
5
6
1
3
5

1
1
]
1

1
1
]
1

m
S
f
R
R
f
S 008 . 1
5000
1
4980
1
)
4980
(
4980
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
3

,
_

m Q P 93 . 15 25 . 11 75 . 4 75 . 4
2
06 . 16 008 . 1 93 . 15 m PR A
m 153 . 1
742 . 3
) 06 . 16 ( 944 . 6 ) 93 . 15 ( 93 . 15
742 . 3
944 . 6
2 2

A P P
D
m 35 . 13 ) 153 . 1 ( 5 93 . 15 5 D P B
Problem:
Design an earthen channel of 10 cumec capacity. The value of
Laceys silt factor in the neighboring canal system is 0.9.
General grade of the country is 1 in 8000.
Data:
Q = 10 cumec; f = 0.9; S
n
=1/8000; B = ?; D
= ?; S
req
= ?.
Solution:
Which is steeper than the natural grade of the country (i.e. 1 in 8000),
therefore not feasible.
( )
m/sec 622 . 0
140
9 . 0 10
140
6
1
2
6
1
2

1
]
1

1
]
1

Qf
V
2
m 08 . 16
622 . 0
10

V
Q
A
m 02 . 15 10 75 . 4 75 . 4 Q P
m 25 . 1
742 . 3
) 08 . 16 ( 944 . 6 ) 02 . 15 ( 02 . 15
742 . 3
944 . 6
2 2

A P P
D
m 22 . 12 ) 25 . 1 ( 5 02 . 15 5 D P B
( )
( )
5844
1
10 3340
9 . 0
3340
6
1
3
5
6
1
3
5

Q
f
S
req
Now putting S = 1/8000 in the relationship
Hence silt factor will be reduced to 0.7454 by not allowing coarser silt
to enter the canal system by providing silt ejectors and silt excluders.
i.e. silt having mean diameter > 0.179 mm will not be allowed to
enter the canal system.
( ) ( ) 7454 . 0 10
8000
1
3340 3340
3340
5
3
6
1
5
3
6
1
6
1
3
5

,
_

SQ f
Q
f
S
mm 179 . 0
76 . 1
76 . 1
2
50 50

,
_

f
D D f
Lacey's Shock Lacey's Shock
Theory Theory
Lacey considered absolute rugosity coefficient N
a
as;
Constant and
Independent of channel dimensions.
In practice N
a
varies because;
V-S and y-f relationships are logarithmic,
Due to irregularities or mounds in the sides and bed of the
channel (ripples), pressure on front is more than the
pressure on the rear.
The resistance to flow due to this difference of pressure on the two
sides of the mound is called form resistance.
Lacey termed this loss as shock loss, which is different from
frictional resistance or tangential drag.
Shock loss = f (size, shape and spacing)
Total resistance = frictional resistance + shock loss
(due to bed) (due to irregularities)
Lacey suggested:
N
a
should remain constant
Slope should be splited
to overcome friction and
to meet shock loss
i.e.
where, s = slope required to withstand shock losses.
According to Lacey
N
a
= 0.025 with shock loss
N
a
= 0.0225 without shock loss
Therefore, s = 0.19 S
i.e. for a channel in good condition
19 % slope for shock loss
and 81 % slope for friction
( )
2
1
4
3
1
s S R
N
V
a

( )
2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3
0225 . 0
1
025 . 0
1
s S R S R