Plain CXR.

Bronchogram.
Angiogram.
Ultrasound.
CT.
MRI.

Advantages of
CXR
Simple.
Non invasive.
Rapid.
Cheap.
Safe.

What Is The
Value Of X-Ray
???
CXR
Valuable in any diagnostic problem in chest
or other systems from skin to CNS.

It is a routine investigation especially in :
Fever.
Weight Loss.
Aneroxia.
Trauma.
Pre and Post-operative
Tumors.
ICU.
Fitness.

Diagnostic value In Chest
High diagnostic as in:


Pneumonia , abscess.
Elusion , pnx.
Help in diagnosis:


T.B. Tumor.
Heart diseases.
Low value:


Bronchictasis.
P.E.
Mediastinal dis

How Can We Read
X-Ray Chest ???
Steps for CXR
reading
Check the name , date.
Check the quality.
Scan the film.
List the abnormalities.

Indications
O For diagnosis.
O Follow up.
O Response to TTT.
O Complications.
O With surgery.
O Trauma.
O Tumor staging.
O General Problem.
O Assurance.
G Medicolegal.

Radiological
language
Opaque.
Radiolucent.
Soft , Hard.
Miliary.
Nodular.
Reticular.
Cavity.
Hilium.

Heart diseases
Pneumonia
Picture 009
Abscess
T.B.
Bronchictasis
Lung Cancer
Metastasis
Mediastinal
diseases
Miscellaneous
Computed Tomography
(CT)
Technical Background :
The x-ray tube rotate in a
moving gantry around the patient
which lie on a moving table .
Opposite the x-ray tube in the
moving gantry lie detectors which
receive the x-ray beam after
passing through the patient .
The signal received from these
detectors pass to a computer
which reconstruct from them
and image which represent
cross section of the patient of
thickness usually 1 cm .

Contrast administration
Continuous infusion of contrast
material by automatic infusion
pump for differentiating vascular
from non vascular lesion .
Attenuation value (CT) number


It is measured by Hounsfield Unit (HU)
Water attenuation 0 HU
Air attenuation -1000 HU
Dense cortical bone +1000 HU
Advantages of CT
Cross sectional format which clearly
separates structures that are super
imposed on each other in CXR.
The high degree of density resolution
which reveales the individual structures
of the mediastinum , chest wall.
CT captures lung , soft tissue and bones
simultaneously with single exposure.
Indication of CT of the chest
Lung :
Staging of bronchial carcinoma .
Detection of pulmonary metastases .
Detection of lesions hidden by mediastinum or
diaphragm .
Evaluation of lung in pleural .

Mediastinum
Abnormal contour.

Hilum
Distinguish vessel from lymph node

Pleura and chest wall
Pleural tumor, mesothelioma.
Invasion of the chest wall by cancer.
Pulmonary
Embolism
CT Guided Biopsy
:





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