Bolivia
Popular Struggle in Bolivia 2. Difference in between the popular struggle in Nepal and Bolivia 3. Importance of the popular movements (Struggles)
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Meaning- Pressure group Difference- Pressure group and Political Party Different forms of pressure group Meaning- Public interest group Different types of Movement Group How the pressure group & Movements influence on politics Difference between sectional and public interest group The influence of pressure groups in politics is it healthy?
democracy in 199o and became a Constitutional Monarchy. The King remained as the head of the state but the real power was exercised by popularly elected representatives. King Birendra who has accepted the transition from Absolute Monarchy to Constitutional Monarchy. But he was killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family in 2001 and his brother Gyanendra inherited his throne. But he was not ready to accept the democratic rule and he wanted absolute powers for himself.
assumed full executive powers. He stated that he has done so to prevent the Maoist from gaining the power. In January 2006, all major political parties came together and formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA). The Maoist also joined and organised a mass protest against the King. Thousands of people also supported their movements and came to the street to protest against the King. Foreign pressure also increased on the king to give up the powers. Finally on 24 April 2006, king announced he was giving up the absolute powers and power should be transferred to the people. The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new Prime Minister. This struggle to regain democracy came to be known as the Second Movement for Democracy
government in Nepal and assumed full executive powers. He stated that he has done so to prevent the Maoist from gaining the power. In January 2006, all major political parties came together and formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA). The Maoist also joined and organised a mass protest against the King. Thousands of people also supported their movements and came to the street to protest against the King. Foreign pressure also increased on the king to give up the powers. Finally on 24 April 2006, king announced he was giving up the absolute powers and power should be transferred to the people. The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new Prime Minister. This struggle to regain democracy came to be known as the Second Movement for Democracy
Maoists
Those communists who believe in the ideology of MaoTse-Tung, the leader of the Chinese revolution. They see to overthrow the government through an armed revolution so as to establish the rule of the peasants and workers.
Bolivia
Popular Struggle in Bolivia/ Water war in Bolivia 2. Difference in between the popular struggle in Nepal and Bolivia
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Popular Struggle in Bolivia (Or) Prepare a note about- Water War in Bolivia
Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America The World bank pressurized the government to give up its control
of municipal water supply. The government sold this right for the city of Cochabamba to a Multi National Company (MNC) The company immediately increased the price of water by four times. People received the water bill of Rs 1000 in a country where average income is around Rs 5000 a month This led to a popular protest. In January 2000, formed an organisation called FEDECOR labourers, human right activists, and community leaders, environmentalists has organised a successful four day general strike
but police restored to brutal repression so agitation again started in February. Another strike started in April but government imposed martial laws. But as a result of the power of the people struggles the MNC officials had flee the city and finally government agreed all the demands The contract of MNC was cancelled and the water supply restored to the municipality at old rates. This came to be known as Bolivias water war.
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The Movement in Nepal was to re establish democracy but the movement in Bolivia was one specific policy of the government Both these are instances of political conflict that led to the popular struggles In both movements peoples had came in to the streets and they had raise their demands The public demonstration finally resulted to the government has agreed to their demands In both conflicts had saw mass mobilization of the people In both struggles new political organisation get formed at the time of conflicts.
Karnataka Pulpwood Limited 30000 hectares of land was given free to this company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers for grazing the cattle The company planted eucalyptus trees for paper pulp. In 1987, a movement started Kittiko Hachchiko (pluck and plant) led non violent method and they plucked the eucalyptus and planted saplings of trees that useful to the people (your opinion- as a farmer, environmental activist, government official and consumer of paper)
Direct paticipation
The organisation try to influence the decision in a democracy by directly participating in active politics. They themselves create new political parties and contest elections. They aim to form good policies by being a part of the government itself. They enter the politics and make good policies for the citizens of the country
Indirect Participation
Every citizen cannot form a political party. They dont have the necessary skills or the desire to take part in direct political activity. They voice their demands by voting. People form organisations to voice their interest. These organisations promote the interests and the viewpoints of the members of the organisation. They are called pressure groups. They influence the government policies without the sharing the political power.
What do you meant by Interest Groups or Pressure group in Politics? Which are the two types of Interest Groups or Pressure groups in Politics? (Or) Differentiate between Sectional and Public Interest (Promotional pressure groups)
An interest or pressure group is a group that seeks to encourage or prevent changes in the public policy without getting elected. They either work to promote a particular policy of the government or protest against the policy of the government depending on their interest
3. Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsor expensive advertisements. Some persons from pressure groups or movement groups may participate in official bodies and committees that offer advice to the government.
2. Some times the political parties grow out of the movement. Eg: when the Assam movement led by students against the foreigners came to an end, it led the formation of Asom gana Parishad. The parties like DMK and AIADMK in T.N can be traced to a long drawn social reform movement during the 1930- 1940 3. In most of the case the relationship between parties and interest or movement group is not so direct. They often take positions that opposed to each other. Yet they are in dialogue and negotiation. Movement groups have raised new issues that have been taken up by the political parties. Most of the leadership of political parties comes from interest or movement groups.
Is the influence of pressure group in politics healthy? How the activities of the pressure group are useful in the functioning of a democratic government?
A pressure group is an organised or unorganised body that
seeks to promote its interests. It is formed by the people having common interest, occupations and opinions. It aims to influence the government policies and form the public opinion. They do not aim to attain the power. They just seek to promote their interest. This interest can be of a specific section or the whole society.
It is argued that sectional interest groups are not good for the
democracy. They promote only the interest of their section and ignore the whole society. It makes division in the society. He pressure groups are not accountable to the people in general. They are not answerable to the general public for their actions and decisions.. The can also influence the public opinion by spending a lot of money on advertising their idea. However the pressure groups they are not unhealthy for democracy. They help the people of a particular section to voice their interests and demands. It gives an opportunity to the people from the socially weaker section of the society to raise their issues and demands. No one sectional group can put extra pressure on the government. If a section put extra focus on only its interests, members of the other sectional groups can raise their own demands. This helps in maintaining a balance between the demands of various groups in the society.