AM 211 Fire Protection

5 Days /6hrs

Twenty percent of the 1153 fatalities on U.S. transport airlines between 1981-1990 were caused by fire

Quickie in Electricity

The planetary model of the atom

Sources of Electricity
1.Chemical ex. Battery 2.Heat/Thermal ex. Thermocouple 3.Pressure/Piezoelectric ex. Quartz 4.Light ex. Selenium/Photo emissive 5.Magnetism ex. Generators

 Back to the Regulations.. Define the following per FAR part 1: -Fire Proof -Fire Resistance -Flame Resistance -Flammable -Flash Resistant -What are the requirements for aircraft upholstery per FAR part 23?

Fire Zones
(By airflow) -Class A Zoneshaped objects large volume of air over/threw similarly

-Class B Zone- large volume of air over/threw

aerodynamically clean objects

-Class C Zone- low airflow -Class D Zone- little to no airflow -Class X Zone- large quantity of turbulent air (Very difficult to
extinguish fires in these areas)

Requirements for Overheat & Fire Detection Systems

-prevent false warnings -rapid and accurate indication -indicate the fire was extinguished -automatically reset/ indicate re-ignition -continuous indication -testable -resist exposure -indication by a light of location and audible alarm -separate sensing elements for each engine

MD-11

Fire Detection and Overheat Systems

Spot Type
Individual switches or detectors
-Thermo-switch -Thermocouple

Continuous Loop
Single detection element

- Pneumatic (gas) - Thermo-resistive switch

Thermocouples

Cylinder Head Temp Thermocouple

Thermocouples for Fire Detection

-Rate of Rise Spot Detector made of two dissimilar metals that produce a small current (about 4ma) when heated. - Components :

- Reference thermocouple
- Active thermocouple - Sensitive relay - Slave relay - Heater (for the test circuit) - Visual and oral warning

Continuous Loop Systems

All continuous loop systems have a single sensing element but vary in construction Thermal-Resistive Loops

Fenwal system Kidde system

Lindberg system Systron-Donner System (Whittaker) Meggitt System

Pneumatic (gas) Loops

Fenwal

Kidde

Pneumatic Systems
Recall from Physics:

-As a gas is heated, if the volume remains the same, the pressure will increase proportionally.

Inspections

Jetcal Analyzer

Smoke and Toxic Gas

Typical Installation

Fire Extinguishing Systems

Agents -Halon (*1301 & 1211) -Carbon Dioxide Systems -Portable -Fixed -conventional -high rate of discharge (HRD)

Halon & HRD Systems

The most commonly used agent for aircraft is Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane CF3Br) Halon Production was banned in 1998 due to the environmental impact. Halon destroys ozone O3. Halon eliminates fire by displacing oxygen and may do the same in your lungs in confined areas.

Squib Cartridge

Alternatives to Halon
Many manufactures are struggling to replace Halon with an equally effective , non-corrosive, safe agent.
Hydro-clean agents FE-25 by DuPont Phosphorous tribromide (PBr3) PhostrEx And many more

Boeing 727

 727 Fire Control Panel