THE VARIETY OF RESOURCES ON EARTH

THE VARIOUS RESOURCES ON EARTH

Water needed by plants (photosynthesis, carry dissolved water), animals and human beings (transport digested food, oxygen,body temperature, excretion). - Covers nearly 70% of earth surface - 60% - 95% of the body weight of living organisms consists of water

Air Contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gases, water vapour. E.g : oxygen -> respiration, combustion carbon dioxide -> fire fighting, dry ice, carbonate drinks, photosynthesis

Soil Habitat for many plants and animals Consists mixture of sand particles, humus, minerals, water, air, microorganisms. Humus -> organic substance from decaying plants and animals.

Minerals - Various kinds of metals are found and made into useful products. - E.g : copper -> good conductor of heat and electricity. - Mercury -> used to coat mirrors, thermometer. Iron -> coated with tin used to make food containers.

Fossil fuel Fuel formed below the surface from remains of living things that died millions of years ago. E.g : natural gas, petroleum, coal Products process from fossil fuels -> plastic, ammonia, sulphur, wax

Living things - Plants and animals are importance and used to produce food, clothes, building materials, fuels.

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURE

ELEMENT Pure substance that cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances. One type of particles only ATOM -> the smallest particles in an element May be solid, liquid or gases.metals Classified into two groups
Nonmetals

METAL Shiny surface

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES APPEARANCE OF THE SURFACE

NON-METAL Dull surface

Malleable

Ductile (can be pulled into wire) High density High melting point

MALLEABILITY(ABI LITY TO BE SHAPED) DUCTILITY

DENSITY MELTING POINT

Not malleable

Not ductile Low density Low melting point

Good conductor
Good conductor

CONDUCTIVITY OF HEAT CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTRICITY

Poor conductor
Poor conductor (except carbon and silicone)

COMPOUND Formed when two or more elements combine chemically through a chemical reaction Molecule -> a group of two or more atoms which are chemically combined.

MIXTURE Made up of two or more substances which are physically joined together May consists of elements, compounds or a combination of both. May be solids, liquids or gases.

Separation of mixtures
Sieving (mengayak) - For separating two insoluble solids of different sizes. (sand and paddy)

Using a magnet (tarikan magnet) - A mixture of magnetic and nonmagnetic substances (tiny nickels, steel screws)

Evaporation (penyejatan) - To recover dissolved solid in a solution (salt from brine)

Filtration (Penurasan) To separate a mixture of insoluble solids and liquids ( sand and water)

Distillation (Penyulingan) - To recover a pure liquid from a solution (petroleum fraction from crude oil)

Decanting (Menuang) Winnowing (Mengangin)

COMPOUNDS Through chemical reaction Heat is absorbed or released New substances are formed The properties of a compound formed are different from the original elements The ratio of component in compounds is fixed Chemical process

DIFFERENCES Formation or preparation Energy change

MIXTURES Through physical methods No heat is absorbed or releases No new substances are formed The properties of components remain the same

Formation of new substances Properties of components

Composition

The ratio of components in a mixture is not fixed Physical processes

Separation methods

APRRECIATING THE IMPORTANCE OF EARTHS RESOURCES

Preservation - The act of maintaining Earths resources in their natural environment - Balance of nature is not disturbed Conservation - The sustainable use and management of resources - Prevent wastage, loss and damage

Its necessary to prevent :

a)

b)
c) d) e) f)

g)

The destruction of the environment The extinction of species Natural disasters Health problem Loss of economic resources Shortage of clean water Damage to the balance of nature

Ways to preserve and conserve:

Reduce usage of Earths natural resources Use product made from biodegradable materials

Use less disposable Use public transport

Reuse material

Stop using products that contain harmful substances

Recycle waste materials

Monitor factories that pollute the environment