Rekayasa Perawatan dan Kehandalan

(Maintenance and Reliability Engineering)

Intro Muhammad Adha Ilhami 1st Edition

Objectives
Understanding distribution of failure of a machine or system. Able to determine which distribution is fitted to failure pattern of a machine. Able to calculate reliability of a machine Capable of designing maintenance schedule on designed reliability of a machine or system.

Muhammad Adha Ilhami

Rules
Cell phone must be silent or offline. No sandals are allowed Be in class in time, You cant be late, no tolerance at all (Except for those who work) Assignment must be collected on time, zero is for those who late. Quiz is given without notice.

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Requirements & Valuation

Requirements: Statistics Probability Theory Valuation: Mid Test Final Test/Final Assignment Assignments Attitude and activity in Class Quiz

25 30 30 10 15

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Classroom Schedule (1)

Wk
1

Topics
Introduction

Sub Topic
1. Maintenance Overview 2. Maintenance Topology

Specific Objectives
Understanding how maintenance important for assuring production and productivity.

Activities
Classroom

23

Probability & Distribution

1. A Short Probability Theory 2. Normal, lognormal, exponential, and weibull distribution

1. Definition of available time, loading time, and operational time. 2. Calculation of availability performance 1. Calculation of reliability 2. Calculation of reliability as a function of time 1. Reliability Block Diagram Design (RBD) 2. System reliability calculation based on RBD

Understanding the relation of distribution function and its probability.

Able to identify loading time, operational time, and available time.

Classroom and assignment

Classroom

Availability

Reliability and maintainability System Reliability

Able to determine reliability in a given period of time. Capable of designing RBD and calculation of system reliability

Classroom and assignment Classroom and assignment

67

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Classroom Schedule (2)

Wk
8 9. Maintenance Schedule

Topics

Sub Topic
MID TEST 1. Determining MTBF from Reliability Density Function 2. Scheduling maintenance from MTBF calculation. 1. Performance effecting factors of a machine or system 2. Calculation of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) and OPE (Overall Performance Effectiveness) Conceptual Framework of Total Productive Maintenance 1. 2. Prediction Factor Prediction Instruments

Specific Objectives

Activities

Able to schedule planned maintenance to perform required reliability Able to measure performance of a machine or system.

Classroom and assignment

10 - 11

System Performance Measurement

Classroom and assignment

12 - 13 14 15 16

Total Productive Maintenance Predictive Maintenance Reliability Centered Maintenance

Understanding TPM frameworks Able to determine instruments for predicting failure Understand RCM frameworks

Classroom Classroom and assignment Classroom

Conceptual framework of RCM

FINAL TEST

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Literature
Suzuki, Takutaro, 1994, TPM in Process Industries, Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance, Productivity Press, Portland, Oregon. Walpole, Myers, Ye, 2007, Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 8th Edition, Pearson Education, London. Borris,Steven, 2006, Total Productive Maintenance, Mc.Graw-Hill.

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Knowing Failure
What is failure? What failure happens? Why failure occurs? How failure occurs? In what pattern failure occurs How failure effecting production, safety, and reliability?
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failure
Failure refers to the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and may be viewed as the opposite of success. Also, inability to produce work in appropriate manner
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Where it occurs?
Equipment / machine failure on production floor worn out bearing, pump, pressure leaks, broken shaft, overheated machine etc. Equipment failure in office failure of power supply, air-conditioned system, computer network, photocopy machine Vehicle failure brake, transmission, engine, cooling system

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Why failure occurs?

Improper design Improper materials The making Improper process Improper assembly or installation Environment/external factors Neglect maintenance schedule/procedures Improper operation
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Failure Cause
30% - Manufacturing Errors 26% - Design Errors 23% - Maintenance Errors 18% - Material Selection 3% - Operation/Handling

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How Failure Occurs: See This!

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Failure Rate Pattern

Every tool/machine has a very specific and unique failure pattern. Most researchers believe this pattern:

Burn-in test thats why You need to warm up your motor cycle.
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You should remember this

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Distribution Fitted

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Failure Effects
Reducing availability, automatically reducing production capacity and then reducing income. Increase repair cost which contributing to the total cost. Increase potential loss such as safety and health.

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Failure Impact
Impact variance can be minimum to very serious situation such as mortality and catastrophic.

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Example of Failure Impact

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Maintenance Definition
British Standard Glossary of terms (3811:1993) defined maintenance as: the combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or restore it to a state in which it can perform a required function. Maintenance is a set of organised activities that are carried out in order to keep an item in its best operational condition with minimum cost acquired
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Maintenance Activities
Activities of maintenance function could be either repair or replacement activities, which are necessary for an item to reach its acceptable productivity condition and these activities, should be carried out with a minimum possible cost.

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Basic Maintenance Activities

Cleaning Checking Repairing

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Maintenance History

-Term tero technology introduced. -Recognition of need to present equipment failures. -Models for preventive maintenance developed.
Fix the equipment when it breaks

Development of Maintenance
Pre-World War II

- Increased awareness of: - Environment - Safety - Quality - Need for reliable equipment. - Reduction in costs.
Time

Post-World War II

1980 Onwards

Maintenance History (Adapted From Shenoy, Bhadury 1998)

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Maintenance Objectives
Maintenance objectives should be consistent with and subordinate to production goals. The relation between maintenance objectives and production goals is reflected in the action of keeping production machines and facilities in the best possible condition.

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Maintenance Objectives
Maximising production or increasing facilities availability at the lowest cost and at the highest quality and safety standards. Reducing breakdowns and emergency shutdowns. Optimising resources utilisation. Reducing downtime. Improving spares stock control Improving equipment efficiency and reducing scrap rate. Minimising energy usage. Optimising the useful life of equipment. Providing reliable cost and budgetary control. Identifying and implementing cost reductions.
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Maintenance Objectives
PLANT
Reduce Breakdowns M A I N T E N A N C E

Minimising Energy Usage Optimising Useful Life of Equipment Providing Budgetary Control Optimising Resources Utilisation

Reduce Downtime

Improving Equipment Efficiency Improving Inventory Control Implementing Cost Reduction

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Types of Maintenance
Run to Failure Maintenance (RTF) Preventive Maintenance (PM)

Corrective Maintenance (CM)

Improvement Maintenance (IM) Predictive Maintenance (PDM)
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Run to Failure Maintenance

The required repair, replacement, or restore action performed on a machine or a facility after the occurrence of a failure in order to bring this machine or facility to at least its minimum acceptable condition. It is the oldest type of maintenance.

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Run to Failure Maintenance

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Run to Failure Maintenance

It is subdivided into two types: Emergency maintenance: it is carried out as fast as possible in order to bring a failed machine or facility to a safe and operationally efficient condition. Breakdown maintenance: it is performed after the occurrence of an advanced considered failure for which advanced provision has been made in the form of repair method, spares, materials, labour and equipment.
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Assignment No. 1
Describe run to failure disadvantages?

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Preventive Maintenance
It is a set of activities that are performed on plant equipment, machinery, and systems before the occurrence of a failure in order to protect them and to prevent or eliminate any degradation in their operating conditions.

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Definition PM
British Standard 3811:1993 Glossary of terms defined preventive maintenance as: the maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning and the effects limited.

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Types of Preventive Maintenance

Researchers subdivided preventive maintenance into different kinds according to the nature of its activities: Routine maintenance which includes those maintenance activities that are repetitive and periodic in nature such as lubrication, cleaning, and small adjustment. Running maintenance which includes those maintenance activities that are carried out while the machine or equipment is running and they represent those activities that are performed before the actual preventive maintenance activities take place.
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Types of Preventive Maintenance

Opportunity maintenance which is a set of maintenance activities that are performed on a machine or a facility when an unplanned opportunity exists during the period of performing planned maintenance activities to other machines or facilities.

Window maintenance which is a set of activities that are carried out when a machine or equipment is not required for a definite period of time. Shutdown preventive maintenance, which is a set of preventive maintenance activities that are carried out when the production line is in total stoppage situation.
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Corrective Maintenance
In this type, actions such as repair, replacement, or restore will be carried out after the occurrence of a failure in order to eliminate the source of this failure or reduce the frequency of its occurrence.

In the British Standard 3811:1993 Glossary of terms, corrective maintenance is defined as: the maintenance carried out after recognition and intended to put an item into a state in which it can perform a required function.

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Types of Maintenance
Remedial maintenance, which is a set of activities that are performed to eliminate the source of failure without interrupting the continuity of the production process Deferred maintenance, which is a set of corrective maintenance activities that are not immediately initiated after the occurrence of a failure but are delayed in such a way that will not affect the production process. Shutdown corrective maintenance, which is a set of corrective maintenance activities that are performed when the production line is in total stoppage situation.
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About Corrective Maintenance

The main objectives of corrective maintenance are the maximisation of the effectiveness of all critical plant systems, the elimination of breakdowns, the elimination of unnecessary repair, and the reduction of the deviations from optimum operating conditions. The difference between corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance is that for the corrective maintenance, the failure should occur before any corrective action is taken. Corrective maintenance is different from run to failure maintenance in that its activities are planned and regularly taken out to keep plants machines and equipment in optimum operating condition.
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Performing Corrective Maintenance

The way to perform corrective maintenance activities is by conducting four important steps: 1. Fault detection. 2. Fault isolation. 3. Fault elimination. 4. Verification of fault elimination.

In the fault elimination step several actions could be taken such as adjusting, aligning, calibrating, reworking, removing, replacing or renovation.
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Assignment No 2
Describe corrective maintenance disadvantages!

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Predictive Maintenance
Predictive maintenance is a set of activities that detect changes in the physical condition of equipment (signs of failure) in order to carry out the appropriate maintenance work for maximising the service life of equipment without increasing the risk of failure. It is classified into two kinds according to the methods of detecting the signs of failure: Condition-based predictive maintenance Statistical-based predictive maintenance

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Predictive Maintenance
Condition-based predictive maintenance depends on continuous or periodic condition monitoring equipment to detect the signs of failure.
Statistical-based predictive maintenance depends on statistical data from the meticulous recording of the stoppages of the in-plant items and components in order to develop models for predicting failures.
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Predictive & Preventive

The drawback of predictive maintenance is that it depends heavily on information and the correct interpretation of the information. Some researchers classified predictive maintenance as a type of preventive maintenance. The main difference between preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance is that predictive maintenance uses monitoring the condition of machines or equipment to determine the actual mean time to failure whereas preventive maintenance depends on industrial average life statistics.
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Maintenance Topology
MAINTENANCE PLANNED MAINTENANCE (PROACTIVE) UNPLANNED MAINTENANCE (REACTIVE)

EMERGENCY

BREAKDOWN

PREDECTIVE MAINTENANCE

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

IMPROVEMENT MAINTENANCE

CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE

STATISTICAL BASED

CONDITION BASED

ENGINEERING SERVICES

DESIGN - OUT

DEFERRED

REMEDIAL

Shutdown
WINDOW RUNNING ROUTINE OPPORTUNITY SHUTDOWN PREVENTIVE

Maintenance
SHUTDOWN IMPROVEMENT SHUTDOWN CORRECTIVE

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Equipment Failure

Concept of Equipment failure (Kuhmonen, 1997)

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