SEMINAR REPORT ON : SATELLITE PHONE NAME : MRITTUNJAY CHATTERJEE WBUT ROLL NO : 08182003013 ROLL NO : 13/ECE SEMESTER : 8th YEAR

: 2012

CONTENTS
1.
CELLULAR PHONE SYSTEM 2. SATELLITE TELEPHONES 3. INMARSAT SATELLITE PHONE SYSTEM 4. IRIDIUM TECHNOLOGY

5. GLOBALSTAR TECHNOLOGY
6. CONCLUSION

CELLULAR PHONE SYSTEM

In cellular phone system the entire coverage area is being divided into a number of hexagonal cells. Each cell is provided with a BASE STATION. Each mobile station communicates directly with the base station. Base stations of all the cells are connected to the MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER. The MSC is then connected to the PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK so that the land phone users can also be connected to the mobile users.

Satellite Telephones
A satellite telephone is a phone that communicates directly with orbiting communications satellites and the coverage area may include the entire earth. Satellite telephones are utilized in circumstances where there is no access to a telephone or cellular network. For example ships at sea.

 GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT
A geostationary orbit (GEO) is a geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's equator . Satellite orbits in the direction of the Earth's rotation, at an altitude of approximately 35,786 km above ground.

LOW EARTH ORBIT

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is generally defined as an orbit within the locus extending from the Earths surface up to an altitude of 2,000 km.

GEOSTATIONARY SERVICES
These satellite phones use satellites in the geostationary orbits. They can maintain near-continuous global coverage with only three or four satellites, reducing the launch costs. DISADVANTAGE The satellite is so far away (approx. 22,000 miles) that a comparatively large antenna system is required for signal transmission and reception. EXAMPLES Inmarsat satellite system

LEO SERVICES
LEO satellites orbit the earth at high speed, low altitude orbits with an orbital time of 7090 minutes, an altitude of 640 to 1120 kilometres and provide coverage cells.

EXAMPLE

Iridium satellite phone system

Globalstar satellite phone system

Inmarsat technology
An Inmarsat terminal contacts the satellite . The satellites are digital transponders that receive digital signals, reform the pulses, and then retransmit them to ground stations. The ground stations perform billing and act as gateways to the public switched telephone network. They are called gateways because they direct the calls to the called party.

Iridium (satellite)
This system originally had 77 active satellites and hence it is called IRIDIUM which is the name of an element whose atomic number is 77. Now it has a fleet of 66 active satellites. The satellites used are frequently visible in the night sky as short-lived bright flashes, known as IRIDIUM FLARES.

IRIDIUM TECHNOLOGY
Satellites are in low Earth orbit at a height of approximately 485 miles. Satellites communicate with neighbouring satellites via intersatellite links. Because of this satellite to satellite link the call between two satellite phones is much cheaper. Because the call does not make use of ground stations at all. It is required only when a call is to be made to a land line number or to a cellular phone.

Caller Party

Called Party

DIFFERENT SATELLITE PHONES

The

call path of the satellite phones is disaster free.

global coverage.

Provides

But

still satellite phones are not as popular as the cellular phones probably because of the high cost of the calls. Minimum call rate is slightly lesser than a $ per minute.
Research

is going on in order to decrease call cost so that satellite phone becomes a common mans phone.