SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS IN HIGHER PLANTS.

MYCORRHIZA

Vicente T. Monje Lpez Pablo Jos Sancho Pla

INDEX
INTRODUCTION TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA ECTOMYCORRHIZA ENDOMYCORRHIZA BENEFITS FOR DE PLANT FOR THE FUNGUS APPLICATIONS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL

INTRODUCTION

From Latin myces fungi and rizae root. German botanic Albert Berdhhar Frank (1885)

George L. Mosse. (1955)

INTRODUCTION

More than 90% of plants have mycorrhiza.

Also has been found in some fossil of primitive vascular plants.

The fungi infection is establish in periods of growing up.

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA

Seven types of mycorrhiza.

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA

But basically two principal types:

Ectomycorrhiza Endomycorrhiza

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA
1. Ectotrophic Mycorrhiza

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA
1. Ectotrophic Mycorrhiza
The fungic mycelium do not penetrate inside the cell.

They forms the Harting net.

Never enters the inner part of the cortex.

Basidiomycetes. 3-10 % of terrestrial plants.

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA

1. Ectotrophic Mycorrhiza

In the Harting net the mycelium is non septated.

This symbiosis is only produced on secondary roots, shorts and with limited growing.

While the mycorrhiza is developing the fungus secretes growing regulatory substances that produces changes in the root.

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA
2. Endotrophic Mycorrhiza

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA
2. Endotrophic Mycorrhiza
Most common kind of mycorrhiza (around 90%).

The fungi mycelium penetrate inside the cortex cells.

They belong to the Zigomycetes.

The most common mycorrhiza is the Vesicular-Arbuscular (VA).

TIPE OF MYCORRHIZA
2. Endotrophic Mycorrhiza
The mycelium is not septated.

Mature arbuscules with finely branched hyphae ( Mycotown Greentech AG)

This symbiosis is very easy to see in the microscopy .

hyphae, vesicles and spores in soybean roots

Endomycorrhiza penetrate the cortical cells of roots where they form highly branched arbuscules.

BENEFITS FOR THE PLANT

The most of the higher plants interact with other organism. One of this types of relationships is symbiotical ones between plants and fungi.

BENEFITS FOR THE PLANT

1 Increases the soil volume that roots can use

2
3 4 5

Faster efficient transport of nutrients and water

Protection against changes in the temperature and soil acidification

Lengthen the live spam of the roots

Protection against pathogenic fungy and namatodes

BENEFITS FOR THE PLANT

1 Increases the volume that roots can use.

BENEFITS FOR THE PLANT

2 Protection against changes in temperature and soil acidification.

BENEFITS FOR THE PLANT

3 Lengthen the life span of the roots

BENEFITS FOR MYCORRIZA

-Receive primarily carbohydrates and vitamins from plants. - Establish symbiotic relationships so get a protected niche.

NUTRIENTS INTERCHANGE

APPLICATIONS

Biotechnological

Fruits and vegetables commercial production. Bioremediation.

Environmental

Reforestation and recuperation of arid zones and degraded soils. Biological control to pathogen agents of the rhizosphere.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
FUITS AND VEGETABLES COMERCIAL PRODUCTION

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
BIOREMEDIATION Potential Use of Mycorrhizal Fungi as Bioremediation Agents
Vesiculararbuscular & ectomycorrhiza (ECM)

Hyphal mantle of ECM act as filter barrier for metals on the root surface

Acelerate phytoimmobilizati on, improves plant root association

Atmospheric CO2 fixation

Fungi confer heavy metal tolerance in plants

Intracellular chelation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppjQwCRvxiU

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
REFORESTATION

REFERENCES
Botnica 2 Ed. Jess Izco. E. Barreno I cia. McGrau Hill interamericana

Ed

Marcel Bucher. Functional biology of plant phosphate uptake at root and mycorrhiza interfaces. New Phytologist. Bettina Hause Thomas Fester. Molecular and cell biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. SpringerVerlag 2004

http://www.mycorrhizae.com/ http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=17063

http://www.biopro.de/magazin/thema/04445/index.html?lang=en&artikelid =/artikel/03801/index.html