Visual Basic

Arrays

Topic & Structure of the lesson

Arrays

Introduction One Dimensional Array Sorting an array Searching an array

Visual Basic

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Learning Outcomes
Arrays

At the end of this lecture you will be able to : 1. Declare a one dimensional array 2. Store data into an array 3. Use Option Base 4. Declare an Unbound Array 5. Use Specific Bound Arrays

Visual Basic

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Key Words
Arrays

If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following terms correctly in your assignments and tests: 1. Dim 2. Option Base 3. LBound 4. UBound 5. Index

Visual Basic

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References
Arrays

An Introduction to Programming Using Visual Basic 6.0 David I Schneider Chapter 7 VB 6 How to Program Deitel and Deitel Chapter 7

Visual Basic

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Definition of Arrays
Arrays

An array is a consecutive group of memory locations that all have the same name and the same type
To refer to a particular location or element in the array we specify the array name and the index value

Visual Basic

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How do arrays work?

Numbers(0)
Name of Array (all the same)

56

Arrays

Numbers(1)
Numbers(2)

34
12 32 45 23

Dim numbers(5)

Numbers(3) Numbers(4) Numbers(5)

Only the index number makes the difference

Visual Basic

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Declaring Arrays
Arrays

There are two ways to declare an array:

Default
Dim num(10) As Integer

Specified Bounds
Dim num(1990 To 2000) As Integer

Visual Basic

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Using Option Base

Arrays

Option Base 1 Dim n(5) Private Sub Command1_Click() For i = 1 To 5 n(i) = InputBox("enter num") Next i End Sub 1 2 3 4 5 elements
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Without Option Base

Arrays

Dim n(5) Private Sub Command1_Click() For i = 0 To 5 n(i) = InputBox("enter num") Next i End Sub 012345 Six Elements

Visual Basic

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Group Exercise
Arrays

Num(4)
2
1 3 6 8

1. Write a statement to declare the array

2 Write a statement to to print 8 from the array

3 Write a statement to total all elements in the array

4 Write a statement to double each element in the array i.e multiply each element by 2
5 What is num(0) + num(4) ?

Visual Basic

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Program code using Default Arrays

Dim num(5) As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click()
Arrays

Print "Here are the odd numbers:"

For x = 0 To 5 If x Mod 2 = 1 Then

num(x) = x
End If Print Space$(2) & num(x) Next x End Sub

Visual Basic

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Program code using Specified Bounds Arrays

Dim frequency(1 To 6), x, dieNo As Integer For x = 1 To 10 dieNo = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 6) frequency(dieNo) = frequency(dieNo) + 1 Next x Print These are the results of the die roll:
Arrays

For x = 1 To 6
Print No. & x & = & frequency(x) Next x

Visual Basic

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Group Exercise I
Arrays

Build a program that constructs an array of 20 integers, in which the elements of the array are initialized to the first 20 even numbers. After the initialization process, multiply all the elements of the array with 3. Print the elements of the array before and after the multiplication using two List Boxes.

Visual Basic

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Solution
Option Base 1 Dim n(20) As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim x ,y as Integer y=2 For x = 1 To 20 n(x) = y List1.AddItem n(x) y=y +2 Next x
Arrays

For x = 1 To 20 n(x) = n(x) * 3 List2.AddItem n(x) Next x End Sub

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Example of String Arrays

Arrays

Arrays can contain any data types, including strings

Option Base 1 Dim Cars(3) As String Dim fastestCar As Integer

Cars(1) = Proton Satria

Cars(2) = Nissan Sentra Cars(3) = Honda Accord fastestCar = 1+ Int(Rnd() * 3) Print The fastest car is the & Cars(fastestCar)

Visual Basic

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Exercise II
Arrays

Build a program that constructs an array of 20 integers, initialized with a random number from 1 to 20. Generate another array of integers with the lower bound of 2 and the upper bound of 5. Using this array, find out how many numbers of the 20 integer array are multiples of 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Visual Basic

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Homework
Arrays

The table below gives names and test scores from a math contest. Write a program to display the names of the students scoring above the average for these eight students.

Richard Geraldine

135 114

James John Paul Max Robert Barbara

92 91 150 114 91 124

Visual Basic

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Arrays

Visual Basic
Arrays Procedures, Searching and Sorting

Visual Basic

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Learning Outcomes
Arrays

At the end of this lecture you will be able to : 1. Write a program Using LBound and UBound statements 2. Pass an array to a sub procedure 3. Sort an array using bubble sort 4. Search an array using linear search

Visual Basic

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Key Words
Arrays If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following terms correctly in your assignments and exams:

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.
6.
Visual Basic

Dim LBound UBound RND Sort Search

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LBound and UBound Procedures

LBound and UBound represent the lower boundary and the upper boundary of an array respectively. Example:
Dim s(9), x As Integer For x = LBound(s) To UBound(s) s(x) = 2 + 2 * x Next x For x = LBound(s) To UBound(s) For x = 0 To 9
Arrays

print space$(2) & x & space$(7) & s(x)

Next x

Visual Basic

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Group Exercise
Arrays

Build a program that constructs an array of 20 integers, initialized with a random number from 1 to 20. Create another array of integers with the lower bound of 2 and the upper bound of 5. Using this array, find out how many numbers of the 20 integer array are multiples of 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Visual Basic

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Solution
Dim num(1 to 20) As Integer Dim a(2 To 5) As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim x As Integer, j As Integer For x = LBound(num) To UBound(num) num(x) = 1 + Int(Rnd * 20) Next x For j = 1 To 20 If num(j) Mod 2 = 0 Then a(2) = a(2) + 1 End If If num(j) Mod 3 = 0 Then a(3) = a(3) + 1 End If
Visual Basic Slide 24 of 48

Arrays

Solution
If num(j) Mod 4 = 0 Then a(4) = a(4) + 1 End If If num(j) Mod 5 = 0 Then a(5) = a(5) + 1
Arrays

End If
Next j Print Multiple of Twos" & a(2) Print Multiple of Threes" & a(3) Print Multiple of Fours" & a(4) Print Multiple of Fives & a(5) End Sub

Visual Basic

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Passing Arrays to Procedures

For a procedure to receive an array through Arrays the a call, parameter list must specify that an array will be received. For example:
Private Sub ProcessArray(x() As Integer)

The following call passes array Months to the above procedure:

Call ProcessArray(Months())

Remember: Arrays are passed by reference, not value!

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Example of an Array Program using Procedures

Arrays

Dim num(1 To 30) As Integer

Dim y As Integer Private Sub Form_Load() Call InitializeArray(num()) Call UpdateValues(num()) End Sub

Visual Basic

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Example of an Array Program using Procedures

Private Sub InitializeArray(x() As Integer) For y = 1 To 30
Arrays

x(y) = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 10)

List1.AddItem x(y) Next y End Sub Private Sub UpdateValues(x() As Integer) For y = 1 To 30 x(y) = x(y) * x(y)

List2.AddItem x(y)
Next y End Sub
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Group Exercise
Arrays

Write a program that will pass an array of 10 integers to a sub program. The sub program will initialize the array to a random number from 1 to 10.

Visual Basic

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Sorting Arrays
The simplest way to sort an array is through a bubble sort. X(1) X(2) Temp
5 3 5
Arrays

X(1) X(2) Temp

3 3 5

X(1) X(2) Temp

3 5 5

Temp = X(1)

X(1) = X(2)

X(2) = Temp

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Visual Basic

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Program that Sorts Arrays

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim num(1 To 10) As Integer

Arrays

Dim y, maxNo, temp As Integer

For y = 1 To 10 num(y) = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 100) Next y

For maxNo = 1 To 10 Step 1

For y = 1 To 9 Step 1 If num(y) > num(y + 1) Then temp = num(y)

num(y) = num(y + 1)
num(y + 1) = temp End If Next y

Next maxNo
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Group Exercise
Arrays

Write a program to sort the following array into descending order 1578903264
After Sorting 9876543210

Visual Basic

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Searching Arrays
Arrays

There are two ways to search through an array:

Linear Search
Compares each element with the search key

Binary Search
Eliminates searching through redundant arrays by comparing the search key with the middle element (array must be sorted)

Visual Basic

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Program Using Linear Search

Dim a(1 to 10) As Integer Dim x, key As Integer For x = 1 to 10 a(x) = val(Inputbox(Enter Num) Next x key = val(Inputbox(Enter Num to Search) For x = LBound(a) To UBound(a) If a(x) = key
Arrays

Print Found!
Exit Sub End If Next x Print Not Found!
Visual Basic Slide 34 of 48

Group Exercise
Arrays

Write a program to store 10 random numbers into an array called Num Accept a value from the user using an InputBox Search the array to find the value If the number is found display using MsgBox Number Found otherwise display Not Found

Visual Basic

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Program Using Binary Search

Dim a(1 to 10),x, low, middle, high, key As Integer Arrays For x = 1 to 10 a(x) = val(Inputbox(Enter Num)

Next x
key = val(Inputbox(Enter Num to Search) low = LBound(a)

high = UBound(a)
Do While (low <= high) middle = (low + high) \ 2 If (key = a(middle)) Then Print Found Exit Sub Else
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Program Using Binary Search (cont)

Arrays

If (key < a(middle) Then

high = middle 1
Else low = middle + 1 End If End If Loop

Print Not found

Visual Basic

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Group Exercise
The table below gives names and test scores from a math contest. Arrays 1. Write a program to store the names and marks into an array 2. Display the names of the students scoring above the average mark

Richard

135

Geraldine
James John Paul Max Robert

114
92 91 150 114 91

Barbara
Visual Basic

124
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Multi-dimensional Arrays
Arrays

While single dimensional arrays look like this:

A B C D E

A two-dimensional array looks like this:

A1 B1 C1 D1 E1

A2

B2

C2

D2

E2

Visual Basic

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Declaring a Multi-dimensional Array

Arrays

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2

3
4 5

If we were to represent a chess board using a multi-dimensional array, we will have the following declaration:
Dim chess(8,8) As Integer

6
7 Red square: chess(5,4)

Visual Basic

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Declaring a Multi-dimensional Array (II)

Arrays

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3

Or to be more specific:
Dim chess(1 To 8, 1 To 8) As Integer

4
5 6

7
8 Red square: chess(6,5)

Visual Basic

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Multi-Dimensional Array
Arrays Option explicit store values into a two dimensional array Dim n(1 to 2, 1 to 3) As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click() For i = 1 To 2 For j = 1 To 3 n(i, j) = Val(InputBox(Enter Num" & Row & i & Col & j)) Next j Next i display contents of the array to listbox For i = 1 To 2 For j = 1 To 3 List1.AddItem n(i, j) Next j Next i End Sub

Visual Basic

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Exercise
Arrays

The scores for the top three golfers at the 1999 golf tournament are shown in table below Round 1 2 3 4 Tiger Woods 70 66 65 69 Tom Kite 77 69 66 70 Tommy Tolles 72 72 72 67

Write a procedure to enter the data to an array Write a program to compute the total score for each player
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Solution
Dim nom(1 to 3) as string,score (1 to 3, 1 to 4) as integer Private sub command1_click() Dim player, round,total as integer For player = 1 to 3 nom(player) = inputbox(enter name) for round 1 = 1 to 4 nom(player,round) = val(inputbox(enter score)) next round Next player compute score for each payer For player = 1 to 3 let total = 0 For round = 1 to 4 let total = total + score(player,round) Next round Pic1.print The total score for ; nom(player); is; total Next player
Visual Basic

Arrays

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Control Arrays
Arrays

Group together similar function controls Min Lower Bound 0 and Max 32767 Identified by an Integer Index Example
Text1(0).text = Welcome To VB Text1(1).text = Welcome To VB

Visual Basic

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Homework
Arrays

Write a program to store random numbers from 1 to 10 into a one dimensional array and determine the largest number

Visual Basic

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Homework
Arrays

100 students were asked to rate the quality of a particular lecturer in their class. They give a rating on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 being terrible and 10 being excellent). Place the 100 responses in an array of integers and summarize the results of the poll.
Note: The responses are to be randomized.

Visual Basic

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Solution
Arrays

Dim frequency(1 To 10), x, poll As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click() For x = 1 To 100 poll = 1 + Int(Rnd() * 10) frequency(poll) = frequency(poll) + 1 Next x Print "These are the results of the poll:" For x = 1 To 10 Print "No. " & x & " = " & frequency(x) Next x End Sub

Visual Basic

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