SCAFFOLDING

DEFINITION Temporary framework of timber or steel elements Have platforms at different level Enable mason to work at different levels Work gaining height more than 1.5m scaffolding is used

Standards Ledgers Putlogs Braces Guard Rail Toe Board Raker

Vertical bullies erected at a distance of 1m to 2m from the structure They should be strong and rigid to bear the load They are burried into the ground

These are members laid horizontally, parallel to the walls They rigidly connected to standards by ropes or other connectors They connected at heights were temporary working platforms are required

These are lateral pieces one end remains supported on ledgers and other end on the wall Incase of double scaffolding two sets of standards and ledgers are erected Putlogs in case of double scaffolding are known as Transoms

These are diagnol or cross-pieces fixed on standards to provide stiffness to scaffolding Diagnol braces Cross braces

It is an additional horizontal rail, like ledger

Provided at working level as safe guard for workers and masons

It is a wooden plank placed parallel to ledgers and supported between putlogs Provided to work as protective measure on the working platform

It is inclined support given to scaffolding or structures etc All members of scaffolding are connected by means of nails,bolts,ropes etc.

Brick-layers scaffolding or Single scaffolding Masons scaffolding or Double scaffolding Steel scaffolding Needle or Cantilever scaffolding Trestle scaffolding Suspended scaffolding Gantries Patented scaffolding

It consists of row of standards at distance of about 1.20m from wall Distance between adjacent standards is about 2 to 2.5m Standards are connected to each other with help of ledgers at vertical interval of 1.2 to 1.8m Ledgers are connected to standards on side of wall

Putlogs are connected to ledgers with help of lashings at one end and holes at other end Working platforms is formed by Guard rails,Toe boards etc Cross braces are also provided for additional stiffness

This type of scaffolding is also called as putlog scaffolding

More or less similar to single scaffolding expect,in single scaffolding only one row of standards & ledgers But in in this two sets of standards and ledgers

Distance betwn 2 row of standards is kept about one metre

This scaffolding is stronger than single scaffolding,adopted in construction of stone masonry

Guard rails,toe boards,cross braces, rakers provided If scaffolding has to carry heavy loads standards placed quite close to each other Masons scaffolding remains independent of masonry wall it is also called as Independent scaffoding

It is similar to mason scaffolding expect steel tubes used in place of wooden bullies Steel tubes are available in 38 to 64mm diameter & in standard length Various members in it are not connected by ropes but by standard couplets Steels used as standards are connected to square or rectangular steel baseplate by welding

Standards are placed about 3m apart & connected with help of steel tube ledgers at interval of about 1.80m Base slabs have holes in which standards are secured to timber or concrete through bolts Putlogs are kept projecting on side of walls & working platforms on projected part of putlogs

They can be used for very large heights They are more strong and durable They can be easily assembled and dismantled They are fire resistant They do not suffer any damage during assembly and dismantling

They have high initial cost They require skilled labour They require periodical painting

Frame work is like single or double scaffolding In this standards are supported by series of ties or needles projecting through window openings Needle may also taken out at floor levels through holes

Projected ends of needles are given added support by inclined struts resting on window sill

Wooden blocks are placed at the ends of struts at floor level to prevent their slipping

In this working platforms are supported on ladders,tripods They do not need any standards,ledgers,putlogs This scaffolding is easily shifted from one place to another

Mostly used for inside works but can be used for external sides of low heights It is mostly used for minor repairs or painting works, inside rooms Its maximum height may be about 5m

Its mostly used for maintenance works such as painting,pointing,distempering,whitewashing etc. In this arrangement working platform is suspended from roofs or parapet walls,chains or wires

Rope or chain ends are anchored on terrace

Working platform can be adjusted for any height

This type of scaffolding does not cause any obstruction on ground It is considered most effective as optimum level of working can be easily adjusted

These are used when very heavy stone blocks are required to be lifted to put them in position of their use TYPES Gantry with a traveller or crane Platform gantry

It consists of framework of standards & longitudinal beams One side of framework is put on either side of wall Framework on both sides support a crossframed beam on which tackle is fitted Cross framed beam is capable of moving across wall Heavy stone blocks can be lifted with help of tackle Tackle is fitted over the cross framed-beam is capable of making movement across the wall

It is required for providing a working platform above G.L without obstructing the space below it Gantry consists of vertical posts fixed to common sole piece at their base & head pieces at top Entire framework is braced to provide stiffness and strength

These days various patented types of scaffolding useful for specific purposes are available In all these scaffolding working platform is supported on brackets which can be adjusted at any height

Scaffolding should not be loaded heavily

Working platforms should be raised by lengthening standards and providing additional ledgers and putlogs Holes left in walls, after putlogs have been withdrawn should be filled with masonry work,

Standards should be spaced according to the load they have to carry Standards should be made to rest on firm ground Scaffolding are tied to buildings by providing vertical or horizontal bullies inside the building.