BASIC PLUMBING

SOIL APPLIANCES W Cs BIDETS

Western seat with cover Indian without footrest FLUSHING SYSTEMS Manual flushing

WASTE WATER APPLIANCES

The conventional to accommodate shower or shower end and side panels bath consists of a , an outlet, overflow, shower tray or holes for taps receiver to collect Pedestral water, with a fixed or hand held shower. The wall around fixed showers are lined with some Counter top impermeable material (tile) and COMPONENTS open side is fitted 3 WALL ALCOVE with a water proof Bowl, Soap tray, curtain. Outlet , Water

URINALS
Used for washin g excret ory organs

WASH BASIN BATHS Consists of SHOWERS rectangular profile

Stall urinal

squatting

waterless urinals conserve thousands of Uses 1.5 gallon gallons of water water approx. automated significantly reduce flushing sewage Water reduced the urine passes through a Pressure by 50% floating layer of Blue flushing 1-1.6 gallon Seal liquid, which forms a

COMPONENTS Glazed ceramic pedestal bowl Flushing rim Overflow connected to a waste Inlet for spray rises from bowl

overflow , Holes for fixing taps SUPPOR TS Wall brackets

BASIC PLUMBING DEVICES

HANDICAP TOILETS
A 60" unobstructed opening for each toilet room for maneuvering a wheelchair IS not required if the door swings out. The inside dimensions of the toilet room which includes a water closet and lavatory The top of the water closet seat must be 17" -19" above the finished floor. Both wall-hung and floor mounted water closets are acceptable. Only wash down water closets are permitted The door opening must be 32" net clear width (in between stops). The width of the compartment must be a minimum of 36 and a maximum of 48". The length of the compartment must be a minimum of 72 The side grab bar must be located within 12 inches of the rear wall, and extended 42 inches from that location. If the grab bar extends to the rear wall it must be at least 54 inches in length. All grab bars must be parallel to the floor. The height of the grab bar above the finished floor is 33 to 36 inches HANDCAP TOILET ARRANGEMENT

PUMPING SYSTEMS
SUBMERSI BLE PUMPS
Designed so that the motor can be submerged along with the turbine

TURBINE PUMPS
usually has a turbine below the ground water and a driving CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS Has an impellermotor mounted on a above it rotory shaft which increases the water velocity and forces it into the casing

EJECTOR PUMPS a venturi tube is added to the centrifugal pump

RECIPROCATING PUMPS It has aplunger that moves back and forth within a cylinder

ROTATORY PUMPS Has a helical or spiral rotor-a turning vertical shaft with a rubber sleeve and traps water between it and

TYPES OF PUMPS

HIGH RISE the NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION STRUCTURES defines a high rise building as a building with an
occupied floor that is 75 feet above the natural ground WATER level Factories where bath rooms are required
45 per to be provided head Factories where no bath rooms are Required to be provided 30 per Hospital(including laundry): head a) Number of beds not exceeding100 b) Number of beds exceeding100 340per Nurses homes and medical quarters head Hostels 450 per Hotel (Up to 4 Star) head Hotel(5 Star and above) 135per Offices head Restaurants 135per Cinemas, concert halts and theatres head Schools: 180per a) Day schools head b) Boarding schools 320per NOTE For calculating water demand head for visitors a 45 Consumption of 15litresp~rhead, per day maybe per head taken

REQUIREMENT

For 20 storey HIGH STOREY structures PLUMBING

DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM

This system is adopted when adequate pressure is available round the clock at the topmost floor. With limited pressure available in most city mains, water from direct supply is normally not available above two or three floors.

DIRECT PUMPING SYSTEMS

Water is pumped directly into the distribution system without the aid of any overhead tank, except for flushing purposes. The pumps are controlled by a pressure switch installed on the line. Direct pumping systems are suitable for buildings where a certain amount of constant use of water is always occurring.

The system depends on a constant and reliable supply of power. Any failure in the power system would result in a breakdown in the water supply system. The system eliminates the requirements of

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN MULTI STOREY BUILDINGS

Plumbing engineers found out that as you lift water above a datum, you lose 1 pound per square inch for every 2.3 feet of elevation. This small but incremental loss makes achieving high water pressure at the top of a water column very difficult. As the building get taller, another problem arises as the

HYDRO NUEMATIC SYSTEMS

Hydro-pneumatic system is a variation of direct pumping system. An air-tight pressure vessel is installed on the line to regulate the operation of the pumps. The vessel capacity shall be based on the cutting and cut-out pressure of the pumping system depending upon allowable start/stops of the pumping system. As pumps operate, the incoming water is the vessel, compresses the air on top. When a predetermined pressure is reached in the vessel, a pressure switch installed on the vessel switches off the pumps. As water is drawn into the system, pressure falls into the vessel starting the pump at preset pressure. The air in the pressure tank slowly reduces the volume due to dissolution in water and leakages from pipe lines. An air compressor is also necessary to feed air into the vessel so as to maintain the required air-water ratio. The system shall have reliable power supply to avoid breakdown in the water supply. Hydro-pneumatic system generally eliminates the need for an over head tank and may supply water at a much higher pressure than available from overhead tanks particularly on the upper floors, resulting in even distribution of water at all floors DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN MULTI STOREY BUILDINGS

OVER HEAD TANK DISTRIBUTION

This is the most common of the distribution systems adopted by various type of buildings. The system comprises pumping water to one or more overhead tanks placed at the top most location of the hydraulic zone. In case only OHT is Water collected in the overhead be provided , it may taken as 33.3 to 50 tank is percent of one days distributed to the various parts of requirement the building by a set of pipes located generally on the terrace. is In case only UGT
provided , it may be taken as 50 to 150percentof one days requirement

In case combined storage is provided , it maybe DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN MULTI STOREY BUILDINGS

The requirements for fitments for drainage and sanitation for a regular building might be as follows

REQUIREMENTS OF A RESTAURANT

OFFICE BUILDING REQUIREMENTS PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS

PIPING FIXTURES
water systems for high rise buildings are typically l-copper . tubing sizes 2 inches and smaller are typically assembled using 95-5 solder. in very high buildings, stainless steel can be used due to very high pressure. in hospitals, silicon iron, borosilicate glass, propylene and PDVF are used.

Copper pipe is available in a number of sizes commonly: 8 and 10 mm - for use micro bore central heating systems 12 and 15 mm - generally for connections to individual taps, appliances etc. 22, 28 and 35 mm - generally for long runs where use of 15 mm piping would cause excessive pressure drop

PIPING FIXTURES

PIPE SIZES

Pipes may be of any of the following materials: cast iron, vertically cast or centrifugally (spun) cast, steel (internally lined or coated with bitumen or a bituminous composition, and out-coated with cement concrete or mortar, where necessary), reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, galvanized mild

PIPE RELATED BYLAWS

The realization of an economical drainage system is added by compact grouping of fitments in both horizontal and vertical directions. This implies that if care is taken and ingenuity brought into play when designing the original building or buildings to be drained, it is possible to group the sanitary fittings and other equipment requiring drainage; both in vertical and horizontal planes, as to simplify the drainage system

DISCHARGE PIPING

DRAINAGE

VENTING
For water to travel down a vertical pipe, air is necessary. Air ventilation must be controlled so that low pressure zones can be created, and the flow of water can continue. The low pressure zones should not be placed near a fixture, or else poor drainage could occur (often recognized by a gulping sound and poor flow performance). It is however okay to place air vents in the fixtures themselves to increase water flow.

Drainage is another common issue in skyscrapers, and is often just as difficult to solve as water pressure problems. When water falls vertically down a pipe, the water will adhere to the pipe's walls until the pipe's cross sectional area is about one-fourth full. Once the gravity propelled water hits a horizontal bend in the pipe, the flow velocity drops dramatically, and fills the pipe considerably more due to the lost speed. It is common practice to use relief or yoke vents to slow the water before it

DRAINAGE

HEATING SYSTEMS
ELECTRI C STORAG E HEATER S GAS WATER HEATERS

a) Electric Storage Heaters 1) Non-pressure or open outlet type 2) Pressure type 3) Cistern type 4) Dual heater type b) Gas Water Heaters 1) Instantaneous type 2) Storage type c) Solar Heating Systems 1) Independent roof mounted heating units 2) Centrally banked heated system d) Central Hot Water System 1) Oil fired 2) Gas fired
CENTRAL HOT WATER SYSTEMS HOT WATER SYSTEMS

RAIN WATER HARVESTING for The increasing need

green buildings and self sufficient buildings has made rain water harvesting an important part of plumbing in high buildings so that a large amount of water requirements can be met by it

A specific minimum area has to be allotted t rain water harvesting according to the national building code
RAIN WATER HARVESTING REQUIREMENTS

GREY WATER REUSE

Latest water saving technologies such as waterless urinals avoid the need to flush 0.2L of urine with 9 L of perfectly good drinking water. Flow controls can reduce flows from taps by over 50% without a discernable loss of amenity values. New toilets can reliably flush with 35% less water than previously required. Dual flush cisterns are a given. Modern showerheads can provide a better shower at half the flow rate of older

The grey water reuse and recycling can reduce the fresh water requirements by up to 60%
The grey water collected from the toilets and septic tanks can be recycled and purified. Depending on the level of purification of water, it can be used inCooling towers and irrigation of the landscaped gardens the tanks can be hidden Flushing and toilet systems in the basement or Washing and bathing purposes under the walkways Drinking only if it is highly purified through Brac systems are an example of grey water purification systems It saves 35% to 40% off the annual water and sewer bills BRAC W-450
GREY WATER REUSE

EFFICIENT BUILDING
REDUCE REPLACE REUSE

WATER CYCLE

GREEN BUILDING PLUMBING

HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER HEATERS systems and energy On demand
efficient heating systems can reduce the energy consumption

INSTALL ON DEMAND HOT WATER They supply the hot water instantly and CIRCULATION PUMP
prevents the wastage of cold water prior to the hot water. In this, the water is constantly moving through the heating system and therefore, a constant temperature EFFICIENT USING WATER is maintained Latest water saving technologies such as FIXTURES waterless urinals New toilets can reliably flush with 35% less water than previously required. Dual flush cisterns are a given. Modern showerheads can provide a better shower at half the flow rate of older INSTALL FLOW REDUCERS

INSULATING HOT WATER Insulating the pipes prevents the hot PIPES

water from cooling down quickly and therefore reduces the load on the heating system

REUSE GREY WATER

Grey water can replace the fresh water in various purposes and hence, the demand is reduced significantly

ON FAUCETS AND SHOWER Water savings for the client HEADS

Buy retrofit aerators and screw into faucet head These reducers are readily available and are attached at the faucet head
GREEN BUILDING PLUMBING TECHNIQUES

INSTALL HOT WATER HEAT Heat is recovered from waste water RECOVERY SYSTEMS
resulting in energy and water savings Typically installed during new construction under tubs and showers

FIRE PRTECTION SYSTEMS

one area that should not be overlooked in any high rise building is the fire protection systems. as a minimum, all buildings should have sprinkler systems and stand pipe systems. all buildings containing fire protection systems have large, dedicated fire pumps to provide the flows and pressure required at the time of emergency.

SAND PIPE SYSTEMS

SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

VATIKA CITY POINT,

GURGAON Architects Plumbing & Fire Fighting Consultants

Studio U+A ,London +Ashok Dhawan Archit SAVIRAM Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION Area Details & Projected Population Plot area (Net area)=7,522.4 sqm Superstructure =13,821.76 sqm Business use Substructure=10,819 sqm Parking / Utilities/BOH

PLUMBING SYSTEM
CASE STUDY

FIRST FLOOR PLUMBING PLANS

WATER SUPPLY

DRAINAGE

SANITARY SYSTEMS Emphasis on water conservation, better hygiene and ease in maintenance. All EWCs shall be low volume flushing EWC (4-6 liters) with concealed flush valves. IWCs in drivers toilets shall be Orissa pan with exposed flush valves. Washer less taps shall be used In the proposed Architectural STUDY CASE

WATER REQUIREMENT

RETAIL [Ground and First floor] Population calculations Permanent population Retail shops 16 nos.x2 persons= 32 persons@45lpcd = 1,440 LPD DEMAND [A+B+C] TOTAL WATER Visitors @ 3 sqm@GF and 6 sqm atFF (1414.85/3+1156.23/6)= 664persons@15lpcd = extra for equipment back-wash etc. 9,960 LPD Add for 5% BUSINESS[2nd floor to 11th floor] Population calculations Business use (all levels)

Water body/irrigation demand Water body make-up (Assumed) = Irrigation water demand (Assumed 15% greens) =1,500 sqm@3 l/sq = 4,500 LPD SUBTOTAL C =

GROSS DAILY WATER DEMAND SAY 106 KLD [X

= = =

11250.68/10 = 1125 persons@45lpcd = 50,625 LPD Water Balance Calculations

Common usage Domestic water demand = 71,275 lpd Maintenance/service personnel 50 nos@45 lpcd = 2,250 LPD Requirement for flushing @45% = 32,074 2nd Floor Restaurant/foodcourt etc. (Assumed) ~100 seats = 7,000 LPD lpd [Water quality Q1] SUBTOTAL A = 71,275 LPD Requirement for washing +drinking @55% = 39,201 lpd [Water quality Q2] 1.4.2 COOILNG TOWER MAKE-UP ETC. Requirement for HVAC/DG = 23,400 lpd HVAC make-up [As/HVAC consultants input] = NIL [Water qualityQ1] Requirement for landscaping etc. = 6,500 DG room air washers make-up@1500 lphx6 hours lpd [Water quality Q1] Make-up water demand [As/HVAC consultants input] = 9,000 LPD Equipment backwash demand = 5,059 lpd DG cooling tower make-up demand [2400 lphx6 hours] [As/Elect. Consultants input] = 14,400 [Water quality Q2] LPD Wastewater flow to Sewer = SUBTOTAL B = 23,400 LPD 80%domestic water deman +100% equipment backwash = 62,079 lpd CASE STUDY Expected recovery from STP[if provided] =

STORAGE TANK REQUIREMENT

WATER TANK CONFIGURATIONS UNDERGROUND TANKS [All capacities in cum or kiloliters] FIRE RAW WATER 200 100

TREATED WATER TOTAL STORAGE MINUS FIRE TANK TOTAL STORAGE VOLUME PLANNED TERRACE WATER TANKS [All capacities in cum or kiloliters] FIRE FLUSHING [6 hrs storage] TREATED WATER [6 hrs storage] TOTAL STORAGE MINUS FIRE TANK 20

100

200
1.82 days

20 15 35\

UNDERGROUND STORAGE PLAN

CASE STUDY

BUILDING SETUP
WATER SUPPLY Municipal water supply shall be supplemented through deep bore-wells. Based upon the physical, chemical & bacteriological analysis of ground water made available from the site its suitability for domestic & DG sets cooling tower make-up purposes shall be established The expected yield from a bore-well shall be approx. 15,000 lit/hour. The average yield from a bore-well for 16 hours running operation shall be approx. 240 kL. It is STORM WATER DRAINAGE suggested to dig two borewells
It is proposed to do total rainwater harvesting in this project. The average yearly precipitation is 610 mm. The rainwater calculations are given below: Plot Area sqm Average Rainfall / year = 7,522.4 = 610 mm

SEWERAGE A centralized sewage treatment and recycling plant shall be installed to take care of the discharge from the new development. The combined discharge from the entire premises shall be ~62cum/day. The expected recovovery of recycled water is approx. 95% i.e. 59 kLD. The space requirement for the STP will be approx. 150 sqm . The recycled water can be used for flushing, air-washers and DG cooling tower make-up and gardening. This shall help in reducing the load on fresh water resources by almost 55% (47 kLD against 106 kLD)

PROPOSED STRUCTURE
CASE STUDY

FIRE FIGHTING
All the fire fighting provisions shall be as per National Building Code of India 2005 Part IV Fire and Life Safety published by the Bureau of Indian Standards.

The minimum requirements for fire fighting installations for a Business building exceeding 30 m in height in height as per NBC are:
- Hose Reel (To be provided) -Wet Riser (To be provided) - Yard Hydrant (To be provided) - Automatic Sprinkler System (To be provided-in entire building) - Manually operated Electric Fire Alarm System (To be providedby electrical agency) - Automatic Detection and Alarm System (To be provided-by electrical agency) - Water Storage Tanks Underground Static Water Storage Tank (200, 000 litres) Terrace Tank (20,000 liters) CASE STUDY - Fire Pumps {Two Electrical (one each for hydrant and sprinkler

THANKYOU

ABHIMANYU MITTAL

DHRUV GUPTA

SAURABH GUPTA