English Seminar

Damage to Rainforest

Background
Tropical rainforests are forests with high trees, warm climate and high rainfall. Rainforests can found in the tropics area, the area between Capricorn and Cancer Tropical. In this area, the sun is very strong and the quantity of the same time each day throughout the year, making the climate warm and stable.

One of the main causes of rainforest destruction is logging. Many types of wood used for furniture, flooring, and construction are harvested from tropical forests in Africa, Asia, and South America, including Indonesia. By buying certain wood products, people in places like the United States are directly contributing to the destruction of rainforests.

Humans are the main causes of forest loss. Humans cut down the rain forest with a lot of reasons, including: Wood for building and wood to make fire; Agriculture for both small and large; Land for poor farmers who do not have anywhere else to live; Of grass to feed cattle; Road construction

Deforestation problem that resulted in the destruction of forests is not a new thing in Indonesia. Since the introduction of modern wood cutting machine (chansiaw) in the early 1980s, logging in Indonesia increased sharply. Large-scale logging began in 1970. Then proceed with the issuance of the licenses of forest plantations in 1990, that does clear-cutting (land clearing). In addition, forests also transferred its functions to the large-scale plantations are also doing a thorough deforestation, and a resettlement area.

Important Role of Rainforests

Protected Function In a forest area has a main function as protection of life supporting systems to manage the water system, prevent flooding, restoring erosion, prevent the intrusion of sea water and maintaining soil fertility. The Production Function In a forest area has a main function of producing forest products for the benefit of foreign exchange improvement and welfare of the community. Conservation Function (protection) Can be considered as a function of maintenance and preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems is the forest into a conservation area is a region with a good environment, fresh air and beautiful scenery such as nature conservation area (KPA), which consists of national parks, forest parks and botanical garden tour. Nature reserves (KSA) consists of nature reserves (CA), wildlife sanctuaries (SM), and biosphere reserves (CB). Influence on Climate Forest is the largest producer of oxygen and Indonesia have a lot of wet tropical forests as the largest producer of oxygen. Influence on rainfall Effects of forests on rainfall is very large. In the island states, the influence of rainfall reached 60% and 40% in the ocean. One way to improve our climate is to improve our forests to climate changes are not so varied as melting polar ice caps, global warming.

The causes and Damage Factors Rainforest

Terms of Biophysical Illegal logging (illegal logging) Illegal logging in a forest area triggered the destruction of forests and declining or changing the function of the forest, although logging has been banned for years by local government and the military, but now there are major threats to the widespread view of the "free for anyone it "includes the population to cut as much wood Forest Fires Fires in Indonesia, because the negligence of the people themselves who do not pay attention or do not care like throwing cigarette butts into the woods and others. Encroachment Farmers who grow perennial crops plantations can lead to a major threat to forest damage created by the rich farmers, immigrants and entrepreneurs from the city's forest areas to the profitable cultivation of crops. This led to widespread encroachment so that through the forest boundaries have been set up not to be used as agricultural land or plantations. Development program Development programs that utilize the forest land such as rice, transmigration (residential), estate, etc. so that the forest is changing the function and would be bad for the environment. Pests and diseases Pest incidence of large-scale consequences of excessive use of pesticides so as to make the pests and diseases have become resistant to pesticides and attack all the existing plants or trees in a forest

 In terms of management
Government policy does not take sides on the environment, for example, in the preparation of spatial planning, which should be a land that is forest area, a farming area, housing and others. Development plan which pays little attention to the preservation of forests such as building houses of red stone, red stone mill which stood in the forest, where the plant was using fuel wood harvested from forests so that people troop to denude the forest for firewood supply needs of the plant red stone. Perception and understanding that is not appropriate to the forest resources, where society is more dominant agricultural crop plants from the forest due to the time required by agricultural crops faster than crop yield forestry.

Impact Damage to Tropical Rainforests

Largest elements of the environmental damage that is:
1. Forest Unofficial estimates from the World Bank Indonesia stated that each year 1.5 million hectares of forest loss over the last 12 years and if this is allowed there will be instability or imbalance which would adversely affect the environment for human life. Contamination Contamination is now rampant in Indonesia, where plant wastes dumped without regard to the impact on the environment. Poverty This will lead to greater environmental damage because every person will do anything for a bite of rice is done, although this is damaging the environment.

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Damage to forests from logging (deforestation) according to an analysis of experts :

Excessive exploitation were not only found in mountain forests, but also in other forest areas, such as forests in the surrounding watershed (DAS). In general, exploitation of forests lead to the disruption of these functions are very difficult to be restored. Forests have multiple functions of forests ranging from multipurpose function of climatological, hydrological, sociological, biological and economical. Functions of forest climatological close relationship between the breakdown of climate elements such as rain, temperature, humidity, wind and sunlight. The whole forest in Banten act as the lungs throughout the ecosystem Banten province. The symptoms include pain ecosystems pemsukkan and expenditure (cycle) of water was not controlled, the temperature and humidity rise, the sun and wind to be underutilized and unfocused.

Currently, 133,300,543.98 ha of forest area, only the remaining 43 million hectares of virgin forest in the category (Kemenhut, 2010). Or, deforestation Indonesia reached 40 percent of the total forest area (Witoelar, 2011). Deforestation and forest degradation is impacting on the forest for human life. Until now shrinking forests in Indonesia almost reach approximately 65 million hectares. Since 1996 we have lost the forest reaches 2 million hectares per year or equal to six football fields every minute.

Solution
Implementation of CSR programs for companies that use the land of all types of forests, including tropical rain forests by planting tree species that exist in tropical rainforests Study the re-draft a letter of permission for felling trees or establish cutting, plantations, etc. selective logging Reforestation of all parties Revoke the license of the company Satellite CCTV fitted to prevent the destruction of tropical forests