Glazing is a transparent part of a wall, usually made of glass or plastic (acrylic and polycarbonate).
Glass
common sense refers to a hard, brittle, transparent solid, such as that used for windows, many bottles, or eyewear In the technical sense, glass is an inorganic product of fusion which has been cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. In the scientific sense the term glass is often extended to all amorphous solids (and melts that easily form amorphous solids), including plastics, resins, or other silica-free amorphous solids.
Characteristics of Glass
No definite melting point, if heated it soften, melt and becomes a thick syrupy liquid making it possible to be bent. While in a molten state, it can be blown, drawn, rolled, press and cast into a variety of shapes and textures.
Glass is commonly used to glaze window, sash and skylight openings in buildings.
Sheet glass
(sometimes called window glass or drawn glass) was made by dipping a leader into a vat of molten glass then pulling that leader straight up while a film of glass hardened just out of the vat.
Float glass
is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten tin. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and very flat surfaces. Modern windows are made from float glass. Most float glass is soda-lime glass, but relatively minor quantities of specialty borosilicate and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process. The glass cools and slowly solidifies as it travels over the molten tin and leaves the tin bath in a continuous ribbon. The glass is then annealed by cooling in an oven called a lehr.
Soda-lime glass is prepared by melting the raw materials, such as soda, lime, silica, alumina, and small quantities of fining agents in a glass furnace at temperatures locally up to 1675C.
Old window containing a sheet of float glass in the upper left section, Jena, Germany. The remaining sections are possibly not float glass as indicated by the distorted reflections of a tree.
Annealed glass
is glass without internal stresses caused by heat treatment (ie by rapid cooling, or by toughening or heat strengthening). Glass becomes annealed if it is heated above a transition point then allowed to cool slowly, without being quenched.
Annealed glass breaks into large, jagged shards that can cause serious injury
Toughened glass
(tempered glass) is a type of safety glass that has increased strength and will usually shatter in small, square pieces when broken.
Toughened glass is typically four to six times the strength of annealed glass.
Stained glass
The term stained glass refers either to the material of colored glass or to the art and craft of working with it. As a material the term stained glass generally refers to glass that has been colored by adding metallic salts during its manufacture.
Low-emissivity glass
Low-emissivity (Low-E) coatings are microscopically thin, virtually invisible, metal or metallic oxide layers deposited on a window or skylight glazing surface primarily to reduce the U-factor by suppressing radiative heat flow.
Self-cleaning glass
The first self-cleaning glass was based on thin film titanium dioxide coating. The glass cleans itself in two stages.
The 'photo catalytic' stage of the process breaks down the organic dirt on the glass using ultraviolet in sunlight (even on overcast days) and makes the glass hydrophilic (normally glass is hydrophobic). During the following 'hydrophilic' stage rain washes away the dirt leaving almost no streaks, because hydrophilic glass spreads the water evenly over its surface.
Insulated glazing
or double glazing is a piece of glazing consisting of two or more layers of glazing separated by a spacer along the edge and sealed to create a dead air space between the layers. This type of glazing has functions of thermal insulation and noise reduction.
Glass brick, also known as glass block, is often used as an architectural element in underground parking garages, washrooms, municipal swimming baths, and other areas where privacy or visual obscuration is desired, while admitting light.