DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING NALLA MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

FREE SPACE OPTICS

BY

UDAY KUMAR K 08B61A04B4

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION HISTORY PRINCIPLE BLOCK DIAGRAM WORKING ADVANTAGES CHALLENGES SECURITY CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

It is a line-of-sight technology in which voice, video and data are sent through the air on beams of light at speeds up

to 1.25 Gbps.

Like fibre FSO uses lasers to transmit data but instead of enclosing the data stream in a glass fibre, it is transmitted through air.

The technology is useful where the physical connection of

the transmission and receiving locations is difficult. For

e.g. used in cities where the laying of fibre optics cables is difficult.

HISTORY

This was first developed in 1960s both domestically and internationally for secure communications .

Recent advancements due to great demand for bandwidth.

WHY WAS FSO TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYED ON A MUCH LARGER SCALE AFTER 2000?

Availability of Fiber Optic cables is less (i.e. it reaches

only 10-15% of buildings in the world).

Greater demand for bandwidth and keeping the high budgets of other networks in mind, FSO came into existence.

Deployment of fiber optic cable had become a challenge.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

WORKING
In the transmitting section, the data is given to the modulator for modulating signal and the driver is for activating the laser.

In the receiver section the optical signal is detected and it is

converted to electrical signal, preamplifier is used to amplify the signal and then given to demodulator for getting original signal.

Tracking system determines the path of the beam and there is

special detector (CMOS) for detecting the signal and given to pre amplifier. The servo system is used for controlling system, the signal coming from the path to the processor and compares with the environmental condition, if there is any change in the signal then the servo system is used to correct the signal.

ADVANTAGES
SECURITY

FSO laser beams cannot be detected with spectrum analyzers or RF meters.

FSO laser transmissions are optical, narrow & invisible

which travel along a line-of-sight path that cannot be

intercepted easily.

Data can be transmitted over an encrypted connection adding to the degree of security in FSO transmission.

SPEED

The speed of FSO transmission is comparable with

the speed of optical fibre transmission.

It has low error rates. Provides bitrate of 100Mbps,155Mbps & 1.25Gbps.

SAFETY

Class 1M lasers are used and exposure to the beam will not result in eye injury & therefore be considered safe.

Wavelength in the range of 400 to 1400 nm which

does not affect the cornea at all.

LOW COST

It is much cost effective than other internet service. Licensing is not required.

Minimization of manual labour.

INSTALLATION

It can be installed easily i.e. on the roof tops or on the walls .

CHALLENGES

Atmosphere Factors
Physical Obstructions Scintillation(the variations in light intensity caused by atmospheric turbulence such as caused by wind and temperature gradients)

SECURITY

Laser beams cant detected with spectrum analyzers or RF meters

Line of sight cannot be intercepted easily Beams are harder to find and crack Data can be transmitted over an encrypted connection

CONCLUSION

Provides low cost, rapidly deployable method of gaining access to

fiber optic backbone. FSO enables optical transmission of voice video and data through air at very high rates. FSO eliminates the need to obtain costly spectrum licenses

REFERENCES

www.101seminartopics.com
Heinz A.Willebrand, Baksheesh S.Ghuman "Fiber Optics Without
Fiber.

www.cablefreesolutions.com