Fire in Power Station

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Major Hazards in a Power Station

o Fire o Explosion o o o o
due to explosive, inflammable, combustible gases/liquids/solids

Bursting of pipelined and vessels Dust explosion, especially due to coal dust Release of other hazardous chemical substances Fires due to release of electrical energy in transformer rooms, switch gears etc

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of fire Hazards in a Power Station

No Smoking & Hot-work-permit/ Permit-to-work (PTW) Zones

- Coal Handling Plant - LT & HT switch gear & control room rooms - Turbo generator plant - Stores - Conveyor galleries - Oil storage area - Fuel oil stations - Petrol/diesel bunks - Compressed gas cylinder - Battery rooms storage - Motor winding shop - Cable tray/Galleries - Transformer yards

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of fire Hazards in a Power Station

PROTECTION SYSTEM

Automatic hydrant system Sprinkler system Smoke detector

PREVENTIVE MEASURES . Remove foreign material from site Best House keeping Emergency exit Regular checking of equipment

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire prevention
Fire causes and prevention measures 1. Smoking-the most frequent causes of fire is the careless throwing of lighted cigarette butts ,bidi, matchsticks. 2. Electrical fireselectricity is a good servant but a bad master The improper way of using electricity is a common cause of fire.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire prevention
Additional fire protection measures : seal cable gallery
use fire alarm system in switch gear room

smoke detector with UCR,IR,UC equipment

interlock of ventilation system & air conditioning system Two diesel driven pumps maintain the foam and DCP in all places
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Causes of fire

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Causes of electric fire

Lightening Short circuit Faulty equipments Poor maintenance O/l of wires and cables Lizard / rat / snake fault Cables / wires undersize Cables / wires loose connection Phase barriers not provided Overloading of electric sockets Protective devices not functioning Tracking due to moisture and dust Over heating due to loose connection Over heating due to high contact resistance Equipment selection not suiting to env. Condition
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Ensure good housekeeping Ensure scheduled maintenance Tightness of connections Closing of doors and compartments Sealing of cable and earth strip entries Use phase barriers Use fire resistant cables Use fire resistant insulating tape Regular operational checks of protective devices Replace worn out parts Check contact resistance

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Review of maint procedure Fuse rating as per equipment rating Isolate faulty equipment Training of employees on elect. Systems and fire fighting Training of contract workers on elect. systems and fire fighting Ensure good ventilation Equipment layout Alarm systems are ok Important While closing the shops, offices, stores, all the switches have to be switched off including computers

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Electrical wiring and FittingsAll electrical appliances/equipment must be in good repair and cords and exterior cases must be free of damage. All appliances/equipment must be directly plugged into wall outlets or power strips equipped with either a fuse or circuit breaker. All building electrical equipment (e.g., circuit breakers, distribution panels, outlets, lights, etc.) must be free from damage and appropriately covered (e.g., wall plates or junction box covers in place, circuit breaker panel doors in place, etc.) and must be accessible (not blocked) at all times. All wiring must be routed above the ceiling or housed in conduit below the ceiling. Multi-plug adapters are prohibited/If any is in use asses current ratings and ensure no overload.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention of electric fire

Extension cords may only be used on a temporary basis Naked wires should never be used for drawing power Lighting circuits should never be used drawing heating and other power appliances. Temporary connections should be discouraged where use it should of proper current and voltage rating. Room Heater coil type should be avoided. All electrical equipments have to be properly earthed. All fuses and circuit breakers are to be repaired by trained personnel only and with rated wires/gas only. Air cooled motors should have free air flow space. Damp conditions cause electrical leakage hence wooden boards should be used to access them Approved gas proof lighting with remote switching is to be used in damp/explosive/gaseous/vapour areas Electrical equipment showing signs of over heating should be attended immediately.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire due to friction

The heat generated due to friction causes very high percentage of fires in industries. Failure of bearings/overheating Slippage of belts Jamming of idlers Jamming of pullyes Use of ordinary tools in explosive areas Prevention Regular maintenance of equipments Replacement of worn out parts Housekeeping Scheduled lubrication Checking of misalignment etc
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire due to cutting and welding

Welding and cutting operations are most hazardous and lead to many fires. Prevention Where such operations are carried out ,debris and any type of combustible material should be removed from site before starting welding and cutting.

Hoses used for cutting operations should be robust and without any damage /joint.
Electric cables connecting welding machines should be joint less and of adequate capacity

Drums, tanks containing flammable liquid or gas shall not be subjected to cutting or welding.
Adequate arrangement of fire extinguishing apparatus to be made at w&c sites.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire from flammable liquids

Prevention
The storage of flammable liquids in the plant should be in the containers or drums designed for the purpose as per standards. All the area around the tanks to a distance of at least 3 m boundary wall and 15 m all around petrol pump shall be kept clear of any grass, combustible material etc. All rail and road tankers shall be earthed before filling and unloading. Ignition switches of vehicles should be kept off at the time of filling and unloading No cutting and welding on these tanks shall be carried out either in filled condition or in empty condition.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire from flammable liquids

Prevention
There are many types of chemicals having different risks, as far as possible these shall be stored in separate rooms. All racks shall be anchored together at top and at bottom. Mutually reactive materials shall be kept as far apart as possible.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire from chemicals & other dangerous substances

Prevention As for as possible, these should be storage in separated rooms All racks in stores shall be anchored together at top to provide stability The materials shall also be stored from bottom upwards and not the other way Mutually reactive chemicals shall be kept as for apart as is possible. All chemicals shall be labeled with colour codes indicating their property from the point of view of flammability, corrosion etc.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Prevention is Better than Cure

Storage All storage rooms must be maintained in an orderly manner. Stored combustible materials should be kept to a minimum. This means the following good housekeeping practices must be employed: Loose storage (paper, books, or files) must be kept off floors and either put into boxes or stacked in an organized manner on shelves. Aisles, at least 24" wide, must be maintained to access storage and must be clear and free of tripping hazards at all times. These aisles will also act a route of escape in an emergency. Storage may not be stacked within 18" of a sprinkler head in areas that are protected by an automatic sprinkler system. In areas not protected by sprinklers storage must be 24 inches from the ceiling.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire from Open Flame

Prevention Because of the Risk involved, it is recommended that there be no open flames in any buildings. This includes candles, burning incense, kerosene lamps, oil lamps or other devices that emit any kind of flame. There are several exceptions. They are:
Welding or brazing devices will be permitted only by completion of a "Hot Work Permit"' with the project under the supervision of the appropriate Safety Manager, and compliance with Safety restrictions. The limited use of lighters and other flame emitting devices after satisfactory proof that fire safety guidelines are in place and the approval of the Office of Risk Management and Environmental Health & Safety. Scientific devices which are under the constant supervision of the user or a professor in a laboratory environment.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire from Open flame

Prevention Open Flames are not allowed in any campus building. If a special situation arises, only safety officer can grant approval for use of open flames in outdoor special events on campus after a review of the event circumstances and the risk involved. The approval process will assure the responsible person is identified, fire watch is present, elimination of fire hazard conditions through a site visit, and appropriate site personnel are familiar with and trained to use local fire equipment and fire emergency conditions.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire preventions from Pipelines

Prevention The pipelines specially those carrying flammable gas / oil and oxygen etc shall be provided with intermediate valves and fire dampers so that any portion required to be isolated can be easily achieved. For case of identification pipeline conveying different materials shall be painted with their respective colors.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire in Cable Tunnels

Prevention Cable tunnels shall be checked and installation tested periodically. No combustible dust or other material shall be allowed to accommodate in these tunnels. As for as possible all trenches shall be properly covered by concrete slab metal sheets No external source of heat shall be allowed near the cables In area which are difficult to approach it may be desirable to install automatic detection system.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Tidiness ,Cleanliness & House Keeping

All easily combustible waste materials like saw dust wood saving, straw rags, jute cotton waste shall not allowed to accumulate in and around any building. Waste oil, oil socked cotton waste, greasy gage must be collected and deposited in proper metal bins immediately after use. At the end of each work all such waste material shall be removed and disposed off by burning in the fire pit.

Congestion of any nature shall be avoided as for as practicable

The lay out of stacks, machinery and fittings shall be well spread out to allow easy access and handling Wild grass, undergrowth and such other vegetation can be cause of orgin and spread of fire rapidly. They shall not be allowed to grow in the high risk areas oil storage including pump houses, gas lines etc.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire from Grass

At every project site there is always left some area unused; Grass grows in these areas and normally during summer or due to project activities the grass catches fire. And sometimes it is so devastating that it grows beyond control. Moreover in such areas normally there is no provision of fire hydrants. Prevention of fire Ensure cutting and disposal of grass If grassy area is more make pathways in between to avoid spread of fire from one area to other As soon as fire is noticed arrangement of water tankers, fire tenders to be made Arrange continuous supply of water through portable tankers Arrange adequate no. of fire beaters
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Closing time checks

Fire can grow to very large proportions during non working hours. Before closing offices, stores, laboratories and other sections at the end of days work the officer incharge shall ensure that all chances of fires are eliminated No fire shall be left burning, doors / widows, ventilators etc. Shall be securely closed, and all electric switches including the main switch shall be turned off.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire Safety Tips

Close all openings if you cannot control the fire Call for assistance before attempting to extinguish fire if you feel assistance is required Dont leave the place before the arrival of necessary assistance Guide/direct fire fighters to the scene Dont allow un authorised persons to fight fires

Give preference to rescue, evacuation of old and weak

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire Safety Tips

Dont

exhibit fear or panic Dont pour water related materials on electrical fire Stop the leakage or supply of gas in the event of fire When gas leaks open all doors and windows If a cylinder leaks, take out to the open area If you notice gas leakage, dont operate any electrical switches. In a smoke filled room ,while moving keep your body as low as possible

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Fire Safety Tips

If you run you will inhale more toxic gases Dont open a smoke filled room suddenly Dont expose your body to the open door while opening a room Dont daub/ apply ointment over scalds and burns Pour water slowly and continuously over burns

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

SAFETY AWARENESS

MOCK FIRE FIGHTING DEMONSTRATION

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

SAFETY AWARENESS

MOCK FIRE FIGHTING DEMONSTRATION

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Your Actions Plans From this Programme Short Term Action Plan Long Term Action Plan Three things I will implement immediately Three things I will implement within-----Months Three things I will not do in future.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

SCHEDULE IS IMPORTANT
BUT

COMES

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Rules for Fighting Fires

Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph label telling you which types of fire the extinguisher is designed to fight.

For example, a simple water extinguisher might have a label like this

which means it should only be used on Class A fires.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Rules for Fighting Fires

Fires can be very dangerous and you should always be certain that you will not endanger yourself or others when attempting to put out a fire.

For this reason, when a fire is discovered

1. Assist any person in immediate danger to safety, if it can be accomplished without risk to yourself. 2. Call 101 or activate the building fire alarm. The fire alarm will notify the fire department and other building occupants and shut off the HVAC system to prevent the spread of smoke. If the fire is small (and Only after having done these 2 things), you may attempt to use an extinguisher to put it out. However . . . .
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Rules for Fighting Fires

. . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:

1. Know what is burning. If you dont know whats burning, you wont know what kind of extinguisher to use. 2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may be something in the fire that is going to explode or produce toxic fumes.

Chances are you will know whats burning, or at least have a pretty good idea, but if you dont, let the fire department handle it.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Rules for Fighting Fires

. . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:
3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where it started? The time to use an extinguisher is at the beginning stages of the fire. 4. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the building.

As you evacuate a building, close doors and windows behind you as you leave. This will help to slow the spread of smoke and fire.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Rules for Fighting Fires

Do not fight the fire if: You dont have adequate or appropriate equipment. If you dont have the correct type or large enough extinguisher, it is best not to try fighting the fire. You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic materials such as the nylon in carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn, they can produce hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, and ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide. These gases can be fatal in very small amounts. Your instincts tell you not to. If you are uncomfortable with the situation for any reason, just let the fire department do their job.

Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Rules for Fighting Fires

The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out quickly. You dont want to become trapped.
Safety Module: Fire Safety, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007