SWITCH

FUSE
NOT USED IN A TRANSMISSION NETWORK AS IT WOULD FAIL TO INTERRUPT.

CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is defined as a mechanical device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specific time and breaking currents under specific abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit. The circuit breaker serves two basic purposes
Switching during normal operating conditions for the purpose of operation and maintenance. Switching during abnormal conditions such as short circuit and interrupting fault currents

Power plant

Transformer

Switch Yards

Transmission line

Switch Yard

Transformer

Local distribution net work

Power Transmission system

CLASIFICATIONN OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Based on Voltage
Low- less than 1kV Medium - 1kV to 52kV High/Extra High- 66kV to 765kV Ultra High -above 765kV

Based on location
Indoor Outdoor

Based on External design

dead tank Live tank

Based on Interrupting media

Air break Air blast Bulk oil Minimum oil SF6 gas insulated vacuum

CLASIFICATION OF AIS BREAKERS

DEAD TANK TYPE

LIVE TANK TYPE

ACB AIR ABCB BOCB OIL MOCB DOUBLE PRESSURE SF6 SINGLE PRESSURE VACUUM

BOCB

MOCB

Axial blast - Contraction chamber principle in MOCB

Cross blast in MOCBs

SF6 GAS PROPERTIES

SF6 - DOUBLE PRESSURE

First generation interrupter-Double pressure type

Closed Position

Opening Position

Open Position

DOUBLE PRESSURE SYSTEM

SINGLE PRESSURE SYSTEM

Normal Puffer Interrupter for 145-800kV voltage class

VACUUM

72.5kV Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker type HLC

145kV Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker type HLD

Arc interruption in duel flow conducting nozzle interrupter

Arc quenching process

145kV SF6 Circuit Breaker type 3ARI-EG

145kV hydraulic mechanism operated SF6 gas breaker

245kV SF6 Circuit Breaker type 3AV1

420kV SF6 Circuit Breaker type 3AT2/3

800kV SF6 Circuit Breaker type 3AT4/5

800kV Type 3AT4/5 SF6 gas circuit breaker

Hydraulic operating mechanism

Spring operated mechanisms

Pneumatic mechanism

COMPARISON OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC - PNEUMATIC - SPRING MECHANISMS

Electro Hydraulic Pneumatic Spring

1. No compressor is required Hydraulic pump is Compressor is required, which needs routine No compressor is required Hence no associated maintenance free and directly coupled to motor. maintenance (at least once a year). Compressors are maintenance problems. normally coupled to motor by belt, which is a weak link. Also intake air filters of compressors require frequent change (Every Six months in polluted atmosphere) 2. All parts permanently immersed in oil - No scope for All parts exposed to atmosphere. In addition, All parts exposed to atmosphere Heaters provided internal corrosion or rusting. atmospheric air is compressed and released to prevent condensation of moisture on parts of during closing / opening operation. During mechanism expansion, traces of moisture present in air inspite of purification / drying of air, condense on metal parts of the mechanism causing corrosion and rusting. 3. Minimal piping Oil flow is through ducts in valve Piping is involved - Scope for leakage. block assembly No scope for external leakage Internal leakage, if any, would only cause more frequent operation of motor at worst. No piping - No leakage.

4. No mechanical latches. Latches are to be checked for disturbances in settings Latches are to be checked for disturbances in settings The differential piston principle used clearly defines after specified no. of operations after specified no. of operations. the switching condition and ensures that this is maintained should there be a fall in pressure and that "creeping" trip out is prevented. 5. Small in size, compact and robust construction. Complex construction with many components Simple in design and construction. Less components Reliability very high. and moving parts - Reliability very low. and moving parts, hence reliable. 6. Two Close-Open operations are possible after failure One Open-Close-Open or Close-Open-Close One Open-Close-Open operation is possible after of supply to motor. operation is possible after failure of supply to motor. failure of supply to the motor.

COMPARISON OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC - PNEUMATIC - SPRING MECHANISMS

Electro Hydraulic Pneumatic Spring

7 No additional damping system The damping required Additional damping system is required which is to be Additional damping system is required which is to be for both closing and opening is provided by the routinely checked and maintained. routinely checked and maintained. hydraulics of the operating mechanism. 8 No inter-posing mechanism. The piston system Inter-posing mechanism with linkages is required for Inter-posing mechanism with linkages is required for transmits the operating energy direct to the operating transmission of operating energy to the moving transmission of operating energy to the moving rod. contact system. contact system. 9 Low noise level High noise level Low noise level

Testing of circuit breaker

Type tests
High power tests
Direct tests synthetic tests
Short circuit tests Switching performance tests

High voltage tests Mechanical and environmental tests Temperature rise test

Routine tests
Mechanical operations test Measurement of contact resistance Voltage withstand test on control circuit Power frequency withstand test on main circuit High pressure test on Hydraulic mechanism SF6 gas tightness test Pump charging time for operations Leak testing hydraulic mechanism N2 leak test on accumulator

Thermal Assist Interrupter for 72.5-170kV voltage class

Thermal Assist Interrupter for 72.5-170kV voltage class

SF6 gas circuit breaker SF6 gas operated mechanism

SF6 gas operated mechanism

SF6 gas operated mechanism

Compact switchgear

Circuit breakers with composite insulators

Explosion proof

Light weight
Single piece of any length No L/D constraint Higher creapage can be achieved

Comparatively costly
No of joints can be reduced

SF6 gas insulated substation

SB6 offer extension : MCI the Integrated Compact Module

Up to 170kV 2000A 40kA Functions :

-INTERRUPTION -ISOLATION -MEASURING

-CONTROL (& PROTECTION)