The Muscular System

Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle Attachment Sites: Origin & Insertion

Origin: the fixed muscle attachment Insertion: the muscle attachment that moves The action/s of a muscle are the main movements that occur during contraction (e.g., flexion or extension).

Muscle that Move Pectoral Girdle: Trapezius

Origin: occipital bone and spines of C7 to T12 Insertion: clavicle and scapula Actions: rotate upward, adduct scapula

Muscle that Move Pectoral Girdle: Levator scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 Insertion: scapula Actions: elevates scapula

Muscles that Move Upper Arm: Coracobrachialis

Origin: coracoid process of scapula Insertion: shaft of humerus Actions: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint

Muscles that Move Upper Arm: Pectoralis Major

Origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of second to sixth ribs Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus Actions: adducts and medially rotate the arm at shoulder joint

Muscles that Move the Forearm: Biceps brachii

Origin: superglenoid tubercle, coracoid process of scapula Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius Actions: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joint

Muscles that Move the Forearm: Brachialis

Origin: distal, anterior of humerus Insertion: ulnar toberosity and coronoid process of ulna Actions: flexes forearm at elbow joint

Muscles that Move the Forearm: Brachioradialis

Origin: lateral border of distal end of humerus Insertion: superior to styloid process of radius Actions: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints

Muscles that Move the Trunk External Intercostal

Origin: inferior border of rib above Insertion: superior border of rib below Action: elevates the ribs and increases the dimensions of thoracic cavity

Muscles that Move the Trunk Internal Intercostal

Origin: superior border of rib below Insertion: inferior border of rib above Action: elevates the ribs and decreases the dimensions of thoracic cavity

Muscles that Move the Trunk: Rectus Abdominis

Origin: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis Insertion: cartilage of fifth to seven ribs and xiphoid process Action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen in urination, childbirth, forced exhalation

Muscles that Move the Trunk: External Abdominal Oblique

Origin: ribs 5-12 Insertion: iliac crest and linea alba Action: together compress abdomen and flex vertebral column, singly lateral flexion

Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle that Move Thigh : Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx Insertion: under the greater trochanter of femur Action: extends thigh at hip joint

Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle that Move Thigh: Gluteus Medius

Origin: Ilium Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: abducts thigh at hip joint

Muscles that Move the knee joint: Rectus Femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament Action: extends leg at knee joint, flexes thigh at hip joint

Muscles that Move the knee joint: Vastus Lateralis

Origin: greater trochanter of femur Insertion: quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament Action: extends leg at knee joint

Muscles of facial expression

Usually originate in the fascia or skull bones & insert into the skin Because of their insertions, the muscles of facial expression move the skin rather than a joint when they contract

Frontalis
Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis Insertion: skin superior to supraorbital margin Actions:

raises eyebrows wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in a look of surprise

Buccinator
Origin: alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe Insertion: orbicularis oris Actions:

Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing, and sucking draws corner of lips laterally Assists in mastication (chewing) by keeping food between the teeth

Zygomaticus
Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: skin at the angle of mouth and orbicularis oris, upper lip Actions:

Draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling) raises upper lip, exposing maxillary (upper) teeth

Orbicularis Oris
Origin: muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth Insertion: skin at the corner of mouth Actions:

Closes and protrudes lips (kissing) Shapes lips during speech

Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: medial wall of orbit Insertion: circular path around orbit Action:

Closes eye

Platysma
Origin: Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles Insertion: mandible, muscle around angle of mouth, and skin of lower face Action: Depresses mandible

Muscles that move the mandible

Four pairs of muscles move the mandible, and are known as muscles of mastication Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid

Masseter
Origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates mandible (closing mouth)

Temporalis
Origin: temporal bone Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible Actions: elevates and retracts mandible

Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone Insertion: condyle of mandible, temporomandibular joint Actions: protrudes mandible, depresses mandible (opening mouth) and moves mandible from side to side

Medial Pterygoid
Origin: Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone, maxilla Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible Actions: elevates and protrudes mandible and moves mandible from side to side

Muscles that move the head

Sternocleidomastoid Splenius capitis

Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: sternum and clavicle Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone Actions:

Acting together: flex cervical portion of vertebral column, flex head, elevate sternum during forced inhalation Acting singly: rotate and flex head to side opposite contracting muscle

Splenius Capitis
Origin: spinous processes of cervical vertebra and first 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone Actions:

Acting together: extend head Acting singly: laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle