Transport Process

Special Heat-Transfer Coefficient

By : L/O/G/O Karinda Quarta 2310100129

4.13A Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessel

Many chemical and bilogical processes often carried out in an agitated vessels. Often it necessary to cool or heat the contents of the vessel during agitation. This is usually done by heat-transfer surfaces, which may be in the form of cooling or heating jackets in the wall of the vessel or coils of pipe immersed in the liquid

Vessel with Heating Jacket

Correlation for the heat-transfer coefficient from the agitated Newtonian liquid inside the vessel to the jacket walls of the vessel have the following form:

h = heat transfer coefficient (W/m2) Dt = inside diameter (m) K = thermal conductivity (W/m) Da = diameter of the agitator

1. Paddle agitator with no baffles

a = 0,36 b = 2/3 m = 0,21 Nre = 300 to 3x105

2. Flat-blade turbine agitator with no baffles

a = 0,54 b = 2/3 m = 0,14 Nre = 30 to 3x105

3. Flat-blade turbin agitator with baffles

a = 0,74 b = 2/3 m = 0,14 Nre = 500 to 3x105

4. Anchor agitator with no baffles

a = 1,0 b = 1/2 m = 0,18 Nre = 10 to 300
a = 0,36 b = 2/3 m = 0,18 Nre = 300 to 4x104

5. Helical ribbon agitator with no baffles

a = 0,633 b = 1/2 m = 0,18 Nre = 8 to 105

Vessel With Heating Coils

Correlations for the heat-transfer coefficient to the outside surface of coils in agitated vessel for various type of agitator

Paddle Agitator with no Baffles

Nre = 300 to 4x105

When the heating or cooling coil in in the form of vertical tube baffles with a flat-blade turbin

Do = outside diameter of the coil tube Nb = the number of vertical baffle tubes = viscosity at the mean time temperature

4.13B Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger Consists of a double pipe heat exchanger with a jacketed cylinder containing steam or cooling liquid and an internal shaft rotating and fitted with wiper blades.

insulation Outer pipe Cooling or heating medium

Inner pipe

product

rotating shaft or mutator

scraper

Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger

The Equation to Predict the Inside Heattransfer coefficient

D = diameter of the vessel (m) Ds = diameter of the rotating shaft (m) v = axial flow velocity of liquid (m/s) N = agitator speed (rev/s) nb = number of blades

4.13C Extended Surface or Finned Exchanger

The use of fins or extended surfaces on the outside of a heat exchanger pipe wall to give relatively high heat transfer coefficients in the exchanger is quite common.

Fins Efficiency
Derivation of equation for fin efficiency
Consider a one-dimensional fin exposed to a surrounding fluid at temperature T Temperature at the base of the fin = To Temperature at point x = T Steady State Heat in - Heat Out Heat Conv = 0 Heat in = Heat Out + Heat Conv

Heat Out (conduction)

Heat in (conduction)

Heat lost by convection

Substituing Fouriers Equation for conduction and convection

First Boundary Condition

Second Boundary Condition

The heat lost by the fin is expressed as

The fin efficiency

Overall Heat transfer coefficient for finned Tubes

The total heat q leaving the outside of the tube is the sum of heat loss by convection from the base of the bare tube qt and the loss by convection from the fins qf.

Thank you!

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