CAMEL CONCEPT CAMEL stands for: Customized Application for Mobile-Network Enhanced Logic.

CAMEL is a mechanism which allows: Flexible creation of operator specific services, Each subscriber to have customised services, Deployment of those services to roaming subscribers.
CAMEL is sometimes referred to as GSM IN (Intelligent Networks). CAMEL Phase 1 was defined in GSM '96 Release. CAMEL has been included as a mandatory feature on MoU requirements list. CAMEL phase 1 is being followed by CAMEL phase 2 and phase 3 in GSM'97 Release and GSM '99 Release respectively.

CAMEL Nodes And Interfaces

MAP

HLR

gsmSCF

Home Location Register HLR can store CAMEL Subscription Information (CSI) on a per subscriber basis

CAMEL Application Part CAP GSM Service Control Function -

MAP
SSF

GSM SCF Contains the service logic and provides instructions on how to continue call processing

Mobile Station - MS
does not require any CAMEL functionality

VMSC/ GMSC

GSM Service Switching Function - gsmSSF, suspends

call processing and takes instructions from the SCF

Normal Mobile to Mobile GSM Call Setup 4

HLR B

3 5 6

VLRA VMSC A GMSC B

VLRB VMSC B

2 1
A

CAMEL DETECTION POINTS (DPs) - 1B/4 Detection Points are points in processing at which notifications (to the service logic) can occur and transfer of control (to the gsmSCF) is possible. 3 Different types of DPs exist: TDP-R: Trigger Detection Point - Request This DP is statically armed and initiates a CAMEL control relationship when encountered. Processing is suspended when the DP is encountered. EDP-R: Event Detection Point - Request This DP is dynamically armed within the context of a CAMEL control relationship. Processing is suspended awaiting instructions from the gsmSCF when encountering the DP. EDP-N: Event Detection Point - Notification This DP is dynamically armed within the context of a CAMEL control relationship. Processing is not suspended when encountering the DP.

CAMEL DPs and BCSMs - 2B/4 Detection Points are associated with the concept of Basic Call State Machines (BCSMs). BCSM is a high level model used to describe the actions in a GMSC or MSC/VLR during originating, forwarded or terminated calls. BCSM identifies the points in basic call processing when Operator Specific Service logic instances (accessed through the gsmSCF) are permitted to interact with basic call control capabilities. BCSM processing is suspended when encountering a DP until further instruction is given from the gsmSCF.

DP Point In Call (PIC)

BCSM
MSC/ GMSC

DP

gsmSSF
Switching Centre

gsmSCF
Control Centre

Call processing

CAMEL Originating-BCSM - 3B/4

O-Null & Authorise_Origination_ Attempt_Collect_Info

O-Exception

DP2

Collect_Info

Analyse, Routing & Alerting O-BCSM in the MSC/ GMSC O_Disconnect DP9 DP7 O-Active O_Answer

CAMEL Detection Point DP Type DP2 Collect_Info DP7 O_Answer DP9 O_Disconnect TDP-R EDP-N EDP-N, EDP-R

Description Indication that the O-CSI is analysed Indication that the call is accepted and answered by the terminating party A disconnect indication is received from the originating party or from the terminating party

CAMEL Terminating-BCSM - 4B/4

T-Null

T-Exception

DP12 Terminating_Attempt_Authorised Terminating Call Handling T-BCSM in the GMSC T_Disconnect DP17 DP15 T_Answer T-Active

CAMEL Detection Point DP Type DP12 Terminating_ Attempt_Authorised DP15 T_Answer DP17 T_Disconnect TDP-R EDP-N EDP-N, EDP-R

Description Indication that the T-CSI is analysed Call is accepted and answered by the terminating party A disconnect indication is received from the originating party or from the terminating party

CAMEL SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION (CSI) - 1A/3

I would like my calls to be directed to my mobile every afternoon

OK

User profile for Time Dependent Routing entered into SCF

Administrator

To provision CAMEL, CSI is provided by the HPLMN operator by administrator means.

gsmSCF Info sent to HLR to provision CSI data for TDR for this subscriber HLR

CSI identifies if the subscriber requires CAMEL support. CSI identifies which gsmSCF to use for that CAMEL support. CSI contains information related to the Operator Specific Service (OSS) of the subscriber, for example the Service Key.

Originating and Terminating CSI - 2A/3

CSI in Location Update
HLR

Originating-CSI identifies subscriber as having originating CAMEL Services. O-CSI is stored in the VLR as part of subscriber data for roaming subscriber in the VLR area.

S S F

VLRA VMSC A GMSC B

HLR

HLR sends CAMEL profile - CSI - in SRI Ack to the GMSC

VLRA VMSC A

SSF
GMSC B

Terminating-CSI identifies subscriber as having terminating CAMEL Services. T-CSI is fetched by the GMSC when the HLR of the called subscriber is being interrogated by the GMSC. Originating-CSI is sent to the GMSC for forwarding.

CSI CONTENT - 3A/3

gsmSCF address as an E.164 number Service Key which identifies to the gsmSCF the service logic that should be used.

Default call handling that indicates how to proceed the call in case of error in the gsmSSF - gsmSCF dialogue (release or continue).
TDP list that indicates on which Detection Point (DP) triggering shall take place. Only DP2 for O-CSI and only DP12 for T-CSI.

Mobile Originated Call Setup With CAMEL

gsmSCF

2
S S F
VLRA
VMSC A

SSF
GMSC B

4
1
A

Mobile Terminated Call Setup With CAMEL 5 9

HLR

10

gsmSCF

11
gsmSCF

12 6

7 8

2
S S F
VLRA VMSC A

SSF
GMSC B

VLRB
VMSC B

4
1
A

13
14
B

Complete Call Setup With CAMEL Invoked By Both Parties 5 9

HLR

10

gsmSCF

11
gsmSCF

12 6

7 8

2
S S F
VLRA VMSC A

SSF
GMSC B

VLRB VMSC B

4
1
A

13
14
B

OK User profile for VPN entered into SCF

MO CAMEL Call Setup - VPN Example

I would like VPN Administrator Info sent to HLR to provision CSI data for VPN for this subscriber

gsmSCF

HLR

3
CSI in Location Update

S S F

VLRA
VMSC A GMSC B

4
VPN is Virtual Private Network

Mobile Originated (MO)

MT CAMEL Call Setup - 1/2 Invocation of CAMEL - TDR Example

Info sent to HLR to provision CSI data for TDR for this subscriber OK I would like my calls to be directed to my mobile every afternoon Administrator HLR gsmSCF

5 6
HLR sends CAMEL profile in SRI Ack to the GMSC
VLRA
VMSC A

7
User profile for TDR entered into SCF
VLRB
VMSC B

8
SSF
GMSC B

4
TDR is Time Dependent Routing

Mobile Terminated (MO)

MT CAMEL Call Setup - 2/2 End of Call Setup after use of CAMEL

10
HLR gsmSCF

9
11 12

8
SSF
VLRB
VMSC B

Once CAMEL has provided the service, Call Setup can proceed making sure routing information is returned in the SRI

GMSC B

13

14

Mobile Terminated (MO)

CAMEL OPERATIONS: SSF - SCF MESSAGE FLOWS - 1C/3

gsmSSF gsmSCF

INITIAL DP When a trigger is detected at a DP in the BCSM, Initial DP is sent to request instructions from the gsmSCF CONNECT To request the gsmSSF to perform the call processing actions, to route the call to a specific destination RELEASE CALL gsmSCF tears down an existing call at any phase of the call for all parties involved in the call

CONTINUE To request the gsmSSF to proceed with the call processing at the DP at which it previously suspended the call processing to await gsmSCF instructions. There is no change made to basic call

CAMEL OPERATIONS: SSF - SCF MESSAGE FLOWS - 2C/3

gsmSSF gsmSCF

ACTIVITY TEST Checks for the continued existence of a relationship between the SSF and SCF

ACTIVITY TEST RESPONSE Sent when a relationship still exists between the SSF and SCF

REQUEST REPORT BCSM EVENT Requests the SSF to monitor for a call-related event (i.e dynamically arms EDPs)

EVENT REPORT BCSM Notifies the SCF of a call-related event (i.e an armed EDP is encountered)

CAMEL OPERATIONS: SCF - HLR MESSAGE FLOWS - 3C/3

VLR

HLR

gsmSCF

ANY TIME INTERROGATION REQUEST To request subscriber state and location from the HLR at any time PROVIDE SUBSCRIBER INFO

To request subscriber state and location from the VLR at any time
PROVIDE SUBSCRIBER INFO ACK Provides the requested information to the HLR ANY INTERROGATION RESPONSE Provides the requested information to the gsmSCF

CAMEL interaction with GSM Call forwarding - 1D/4

CAMEL treats the forwarding of a call in a similar way to a call origination, hence it is possible to trigger DP2 when a call is forwarded due to GSM Call Forwarding.

If the subscriber is provisioned with O-CSI it is possible to invoke CAMEL as part of GSM Call Forwarding at both the GMSC and VMSC.

CAMEL and GSM Call Forwarding at the GMSC - 2D/4

The originating service can be applied to the outgoing leg of the call forwarding.

T-CSI + O-CSI + Forward-ToNumber (C address)

The terminating service is activated first

HLR

SCF T-CSI SCF O-CSI

SSF
GMSCB

GSM Call Forwarding invoked

CAMEL and GSM Call Forwarding at the VMSC - 3D/4

The originating service can be applied to the outgoing leg of the call forwarding.

SCF O-CSI

GSM Call Forwarding invoked

SSF
VMSCB

Applying O-CSI to a call forwarded by CAMEL (T-CSI) - 4D/4

The terminating service forwards the call.

T-CSI + O-CSI

The originating service can be applied to the outgoing leg of the call forwarding.

HLR

SCF T-CSI SCF O-CSI

SSF
GMSCB