CA57
OBJECTIVE
Identify types of potential chemical accidents and associated hazards
CA58
AN ACCIDENT . . .
Can be defined in several ways
an unplanned release of chemical warfare agent into environment at levels which exceed those permitted by state or federal regulations more conservative definition is any unplanned event that could lead to the release of chemical warfare agent
CA59
SIZE OF ACCIDENT
Important to know amount of material accidentally released Amount of material released called source term Source term and weather conditions at time of release determine
how far downwind hazardous materials will travel concentration of chemical warfare agent to which people could be exposed
CA60
ACCIDENT LIKELIHOOD
Most likely accidents are small ones that do not pose a threat except to someone in very close proximity to accident Large accidents (source terms large enough to pose a threat to community) have much lower probability of occurring Unlikely that an accident will cause injury or death to anyone
CA62
Risk =
Probability of Accident
X
(Times)
Consequences
(Summed)
Calculation of risk
1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA63
CA64
CA65
SPILL
Onto ground or other surfaces Resulting puddle of agent (liquid deposition) can evaporate into vapor and drift downwind
(not to scale)
CA66
EXPLOSION
Causes droplets of agent to be formed Larger, heavier droplets quickly fall to ground (deposition) Releases vapors and aerosols (smaller droplets and particles) that can travel greater distances
(not to scale)
CA67
FIRE
Both aerosols and vapors are formed Vapors and aerosols lifted higher into air because of heat from fire Hazard similar to those of an explosion
(not to scale)
CA68
CA69
CA70
VAPOR HAZARD
For most accidents, the primary health hazard comes from vapors when they are breathed in or come in contact with skin or eyes Agent vapors pose greatest hazard when inhaled because they are rapidly absorbed by lung tissues Lethal dosage for agent vapor breathed in is several times lower than lethal dosage for vapor contact with skin
CA71
ACCIDENT CATEGORIES
Selection of protective action strategies contingent on characteristics of accident Accident categories are group of accident scenarios bound together by common source terms and meteorological conditions Designed to support grouping of large number of protective action strategies Each installation has set of accident categories
CA72
CA73
NON-SURETY EMERGENCY
General interest to public Poses no chemical surety hazard Action: Notification to IRZ designated points of contact
Army Installation Boundary
CA74
CA75
POST-ONLY EMERGENCY
Declared when predicted chemical agent no-effects dosage extends beyond chemical limited boundary but not installation boundary Not expected to present danger to off-site public Action: Notification of IRZ, PAZ, Army Installation Boundary and State-designated points-of-contact
IRZ response organizations mobilize precautionary protective actions may be initiated in nearby areas
1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation
COMMUNITY EMERGENCY
Declared when predicted chemical agent no-effects dosage extends beyond installation boundary Action: Notification of IRZ, PAZ, and State-designated Army Installation Boundary points-of-contact
all emergency response organizations mobilize IRZ and affected PAZ areas implement specified protective actions
Limited Area Boundary Plume
CA77
CA78