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1.

Ecological Approach

Considers the physical characteristics of the community. The physical form whether it is line community or rounded. What are its boundaries, a river, a sea, or a railway Do they the minimum infrastructure like roads, water, facilities electricity, etc. What is their culture? The way houses are built, the people dress.

2. Structural Approach

Considers the community as a system of roles and relations. In terms of community life there are key persons within who exercise a higher level of participation than others. This people are the formal and informal leaders in the community. To use the structural approach is to find out the power structure in the community, identifying which key people hold the power and if the power is diffused or concentrated.

Diffuse Power
Is a healthy sign of community life. The dynamic of power is used either to improve the level of participation or put an obstacles to such process.

Leadership Pattern in the Community


1. Formal Leader One who occupies an officially recognized position.

2. Informal Leader
- One who is not in an officially recognized position, but one who exercise influence in the community, particularly in setting disputes, giving advice, facilitating decision making process or communication process.

3. Normative Approach

Is to consider the community as a social personality with its sets of shared values, beliefs and norms.

ELEMENTS OF A HEALTHY COMMUNITY

1. People are partners in health care.

2. People work together to attain goals.

3. Physical environment promotes health, safety, order and cleanliness.

4. Safe water and nutritious food.

5. Families provide members with basic needs.

6. Available, affordable health care.

Characteristic of Healthy Community


1. Prompts its members to have a high degree of awareness that we are community.

2. Uses its natural resources while taking steps to conserve them for future generations.

3. Openly recognizes the existence of sub-groups and welcomes their participation in community affairs.

4. Prepared to meet crisis.

5. Is a problem solving community, it identifies, analyses and organizes to meet its own needs.

6. Has open channels of communications that allows information to flow among all sub-groups of its citizens in all direction.

7. Has legitimate and effective ways to settle disputes and meet needs that arise within the community.

8. Seeks to make each of its systems resources available to all members of the community.

9. Encourage maximum citizen participation in decision-making within the community.

10. Promotes a high level among its members.

wellness

Effects of health to the Community


1. A healthy community produces healthy
citizenry 2. A healthy community is an economically productive community 3. Health and development are inter-related 4. The healthier the population, the more productive the community becomes, more improvement in their living condition and improved quality of life

Effects of health to the Community


5. Development implies progressive improvement in their living conditions 6. Less illness and disabilities 7. Basic needs are met, goods and services are provided, adequate supply of human resources, both in quality and quantity

Community Health
Community health/public health the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, control of communicable diseases, education of individuals in personal hygiene, organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease and the development of social machinery to ensure a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.

Pre-requisites for community health:

1. Peace 2. Shelter 3. Education 4. Food 5. Adequate income opportunities 6. Stable eco-system 7. Sustainable resources 8. Social justice

Dimensions of Community Health


1. Status the physical, emotional and social components of community health. When the community health is being measured by statues, the strategy for improving community healthDISEASE PREVENTION.

2. Structural Dimension - refers to the community health services and resources or the social indicators such as: a. Utilization pattern of health care services b. Treatment data from various health institutions c. Population ratio d. Demographic characteristics

3. Process Dimension
the process of community functioning and community competence. Community Competence the process whereby the components of the community are able to collaborate effectively in identifying the problems and needs of the community, achieve working consensus on goals and priorities, agree on ways and means to implement, agreed upon goals and cooperate effectively on the required action.

Partnership
- The informed, flexible and negotiated distribution of power among all participants in the process of change for improved community health. - Is important because HEALTH IS NOT GIVEN BUT GENERATED.

Functions of the Community


1. Production and distribution of goods and
services 2. Social control and maintenance of norms of social interaction. 3. Promotion of social participation by community members 4. Socialization of community members 5. Mutual support to meet the individual needs of members

Goals of Community Health Practice


1. Therapeutic Medicine - aimed at diagnosing and treating disease.

2. Preventive Medicine
a. Preventing disease by biological means. b. Preventing the consequences of preventable or treatable chronic diseases (preventing the complications of cancer through early diagnosis and treatment). c. Preventing consequences of nonpreventable and non-curable disease.

Preventive Medicine

3. Public Health Practice a. b. Promotion of Health Development of the maximum potential of the individuals, families and communities.

c.

Assuring conditions in people can be healthy.

which

Public Health Objectives


a. Preventive Health addresses these area such as immunization, family planning, hypertension control, treatment of STDs. b. Health Protection reflects in the efforts to control toxic agents, prevents accidents and ensure occupational safety. c. Health Promotion focused on behavioral changes such as smoking cessation, diet and exercise.

Levels of Disease Prevention / Focus of Community Health Practice

1. Primary Level
- Measures designed to promote general optimum health or the specific protection of man against disease agents. - These are actions taken to prevent the occurrence of health problems. - These includes reducing the risk factors and preventing environmental exposures.

2. Secondary Level
- Focuses on the early identification and treatment of existing health problems and after the occurrence of health problems. - These encompasses those activities in the third health care diagnosis and treatment.

3. Tertiary Level
- Aimed at returning the client to the highest level of functioning possible following treatment of a health problem. - This correlates with the rehabilitative level of health care.

Levels of Health Care


1. Health promotion.
Activities to improve or maintain health status. Ensuring adequate rest for toddler. Designing an exercise program for a father.

Enhancing the personality development of an adolescent. Physical fitness and exercise.

Family-parenting education. Community-well baby and family planning services, basic nutrition and physical fitness.

2. Disease prevention
Specific measures to prevent the disease or disability categorized as: a. clinical immunization and screening diagnosis and treatment of risk factors. b. behavioral focus on lifestyle changes.

c. environmental changes
societal efforts to create a healthful environment. immunization for children family-providing support groups for parents for teenagers. community-chlorination of community water supply

3. Diagnosis and treatment


The restoration level of health care. Emphasizes of the early diagnosis and prompt treatment from existing health problems.

Treatment of adolescent for STD.


Family-providing marital problems. counseling for

Community-treatment and control of hypertension.

4. Rehabilitation
Limits incapacitation caused by health problems and to prevent recurrences. Physical therapy of post stroke patient. Family- maybe assisted with the chronic debilitation of the familys bread winner. Community-providing services to children of teenage parents.

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