2.5 GPRS Edge

EPFL Section Systmes de Communication Cours Mobile Networks
GSM, GPRS & EDGE

First steps toward Wireless data
Frdric Michaud Network Development Engineering 13/12/2005
GPRS Part 1 Content

From Theory
1 INTRODUCTION to GSM & GPRS 2 - SERVICES
3 - ARCHITECTURE
4 - MOBILITY MANAGEMENT 5 - SESSION MANAGEMENT 6 - TRANSMISSION ON BSS NETWORK 7 - RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005
EPFL cours Mobile network
Introduction to GSM Network

GSM: Global System for Mobile communication 2nd Generation of mobile system First standard for wireless digital communication
Core Network (NSS)
A Access Network (BSS)
MSC/VLR
HLR
1st Release in early 90s GSM Network is made of two Parts Core Network or NSS (Network Switching Sub-system)
Transcoder
Ater Um Abis
Access Network or BSS (Base Station Sub-system)
BSC
BTS
GSM Network Element Descriptions
HLR: Home Location Register.
Database of all subscriber (Services, location, status,.)

MSC/VLR: Mobile Switching Center/Visitor Location Register
NSS BSS
Traffic routing, mobility management, Switching & Signalling

Transcoder: Conversion of GSM 16 kbps circuits into 64 kbps circuits (installed at same
location as MSC)
BSC: Base Station Controller
Management of mobile, handover, power control

BTS: Base Transceiver Station
RF to Baseband conversion. Management of radio layer, receive orders from BSC.
Main function of GSM radio network

Handover (mobility)
MS reports radio measure every 480 ms BSC decide to move MS from one cell to another based on those measure
Power Control (manage interferences and call quality)

Phone close to cell edge:
High power is required
Phone close to antenna:

Low power is required
Introduction to GPRS Network
General Packet Radio Service:
a way to extend packet transfer up to the mobile station
GSM
Circuit Switch architecture Indirect access to IP network Too sensitive connection for data (today) Expensive solution for data network (HSCSD)

GPRS
Packet Switch architecture End to End IP service (mobile = IP host) Re-use BSS architecture New core architecture Max theoretical rates ~170 kbps
Notion of Services
NEWS
General Headlines Financial & Business Politics Tabloids Culture & Entertainment Sports Lottery
BANKING & FINANCIAL SERVICES

Stock indexes Stock prices Metal prices Stock alert Currency rates Interest rates Account balance Credit/debit balance Cheque balance Money transfers Bill payments Automatic call Account status flash Stock purchase Financial products purchase
LOCAL SERVICES (CITY GUIDE)

Taxi Restaurants Cinema Theatres Concerts Exhibitions Night Clubs Emergency services Pharmacies Household assistance Weather Time Directory services ATM Locator
BUY & SELL

Classifieds - Cars - Properties - Jobs Auctions Shopping - Small daily items - Specific promotions Tickets
TRAVEL
Traffic (traffic jams, radar, control,) Public transportation Navigation services Train schedules Flight schedules Hotels Holiday packages
Special Interest
Mobile telephones Internet sites and services Computers and hardware Automobile
INFORMATION
SMS COMMUNICATION
Send/receive SMS messages SMS to postcard
E-MAIL
Send/receive e-mails E-mail to voice (IVR)
FAX
Send/receive fax Special features (delivery and receipt report, storage for later delivery)
BULLETIN BOARDS
Groups with common interest Messages, News, etc
ORGANIZERS
PERSONAL ASSISTANT
Call management Correspondence management Voice to SMS, E-mail and fax Translation services
TOOLS
Calculator Dictionary Translator Currency converter
MISCELLANEOUS
Activating domestic appliances Paying at vending machines Identity verification
FAMILY
Family VPN Synchronised
PRODUCTIVITY
To do lists Calendar Address book Agenda
Reminders
MUSIC ENTERTAINTMENT
Ringtones Short clips (e.g. MP3)
TV
Programme schedules Highlights
LIFESTYLE
Gastronomy Hobbies Fashion Parties
FUN
Jokes Sayings Dream analysis
CHATS
Topic specific Private
PICTURES
Icons Logos Photos Postcards
GAMES
Puzzles Quizzes Tamagotchi Games Gambling/Betting
ASTROLOGY
Horoscopes Astrolove Biorhythm Specific Horoscopes
DATING
Chats Dating services
Notion of Quality of Service
QoS = Quality of Service 5 Classes as specified in ETSI

Service Precedence / Priority
Delay
Mean Throughput Peak Througput Reliability
FTP (NRT):
Service: minor Delay: < 7 sec (most likely Best effort) Mean throughput: 4.4 kbps Peak throughput: N/A Reliability: high to medium redundancy
Video Streaming (RT):

Service: medium Delay: < 7 sec (most likely Best effort) Mean throughput: 44 kbps Peak throughput: 64 kbps Reliability: medium to low (UDP protocol)
Architecture Network Diagram

NSS
ISP - External Network
MSC/VLR
Gs
HLR
Gr
GPRS Core Network

Gc
Gi
SGSN DNS GGSN
Gn
BSS
GPRS IP Backbone Gn Ater Um Abis
Charging Gateway
Gn
Gb
Transcoder
Gn
Border Gateway
BSC
Gp
BTS
Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005 EPFL cours Mobile network
Inter PLMN Backbone
Architecture evolution of BSS network

New hardware in BSS: Packet Controlling Unit (PCU)
can be compared to Transcoder function in GSM Converts radio data packets into bigger IP packets
allow the dynamic traffic allocation

Provide the radio resource management mechanism, adapted to packet transfer
BTS
BSC PCU SGSN

buffer
RLC
RLC
RLC
buffer buffer
LLC
LLC
LLC
Gb
Abis
10
Architecture New core equipments

HLR VLR Charging Gateway
PCU GGSN
External IP world
PCU SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) Packet routing (IP BSS)
IP network GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
Mobility Management Session Management Charging Cyphering and compression
GPRS Tunneling (PLMN internet)
Charging O&M (Operation & Maintenance) Lawful interception
Other equipment:
Border Gateway, Charging Gateway, DNS, Firewalls
11
Mobile equipment
Three types of Mobile Classes
CLASS A: Rolls Royce
Simultaneous CS/PS Paging Simultaneous CS/PS data transfer
PS Core Network (GPRS) CS Core Network (GSM)
CLASS B: Standard
Simultaneous CS/PS Paging CS call or PS data transfer
CS Core Network (GSM)
PS Core Network (GPRS)
CLASS C: Cheap
CS Core Network (GSM) CS mode (GSM only) or PS mode (GPRS only)
PS Core Network (GPRS)

12
Mobility Management Mobile States

IDLE
not attached to GPRS MS is not reachable
IDLE
GPRS Attach STANBY timer expiry GPRS Detach
READY
MS known down to Cell by SGSN May receive/transmit packets No Packet paging required MS remains in READY state until READY Timer expires or GPRS Detach
READY
READY timer expiry Force to STANBY
PDU Transmission
STANDBY
STANDBY
MS known down to Routing Area by SGSN MS attached to GPRS May receive Packet paging
No data reception or transmission

13
Architecture GPRS Protocol stacks

BSS elements manage everything related to radio resource, mobility and session management
Um
Data traffic
Applica tion IP / X.25
Gb
Gn
Gi
IP / X.25
Relay
GMM/SM Mobility Management Session Management cyphering
SNDCP LLC RLC MAC
SNDCP LLC BSSGP Network

Service
GTP UDP / TCP

IP
GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1
Relay
RLC MAC
BSSGP
Network Service
L2 L1
Radio Resource Management (TBF allocation, user/timeslot multiplexing, etc..)
GSM RF
GSM RF L1bis
L1bis
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
Mobile paging info (to localisation mobile on the network)

14
Mobility Management GPRS Attach

SMSC
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
3 5 1 2 6 GPRS handset 7 2
DNS SGSN
Charging Gateway
1. GPRS Attach Request 2. Authentication 3. Update Location (GPRS) 4. Insert Subscriber Data 5. Location Update (GSM) 6. GPRS Attach Accept 7. Attach complete
GPRS IP Backbone
Border Gateway
GGSN
Inter PLMN Backbone
ISP External Network
15
Mobility Management Paging enhancement with GPRS

Network Mode I
HLR
MSC/VLR
Location update
Network Mode II
HLR
Gr
SGSN
MSC/VLR
Gr
SGSN
Gs
CS paging or SMS
Gb
CS paging or SMS
Gb
BSC
Abis
BSC
Paging message on: Paging channel Packet data channel
Abis
Paging message on: Paging channel only
16
Mobility Management Routing Area Update
DNS BSC
GPRS handset
SGSN1
GPRS IP Backbone
BSC
GPRS handset
SGSN2
GGSN
1 8
6 7
1. RA Update Request (old RAI) 2. DNS Query: IP @ for old RAI 3. SGSN Context Request 4. SGSN Context Response 5. Forward Packets 6. Update PDP Context Request: IP @ of new RAI 7. Update PDP Context Response 8. RA Update Accept
17
Session Management Notion of PDP context (equivalent to data call)

Packet Data Protocol context:
When a PDP is created, the mobile is having an active GPRS session (service is active, i.e. WAP, Web, MMS, e-mail.) PDP information is stored in mobile, SGSN and GGSN to allow packet data transfer between a certain type of network and the mobile.
PDP context contains:

Main Field type of PDP network Mobile address SGSN address NSAPI QoS Profile Access Point Name
Description IP, X25 . IP address or X.121 address for X25 network IP address of the serving SGSN Network Service Access Point Quality of service negociated for this PDP context APN (service) requested by the mobile (ie WAP, internet)
18
Session Management PDP Context Activation

SMSC
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
1 5 GPRS handset
2
SGSN
DNS
Charging Gateway
GPRS IP Backbone
3 4
GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Req 2. DNS Query 3. Create PDP Context Req 4. Create PDP Context Rsp 5. Activate PDP Context Ack
Border Gateway
Inter PLMN Backbone
19
Session Management Data Transfer

SMSC
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
DNS
SNDCP
GPRS handset
IP
SGSN
Charging Gateway
IP
Border Gateway
GPRS IP Backbone
S-CDR
G-CDR
GTP
IP
GGSN
IP
IP@ src
IP@ dst
Inter PLMN Backbone
Mobile SGSN
Server GGSN
20
Radio Resource Management Physical Layer
f3
f2
TDMA frame=4,615 ms
f4 f1 f9
f5
f6
GSM (and GPRS) is a F/TDMA system, each cell has a different frequency (FDMA) on which a TDMA frame is transmitted
TDMA= Time Division Multiple Access FDMA = Frequency Division Multiple Access
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 01 2 3 4 5 6 7
reconstruction of the logical multiframe 1 GPRS multiframe = 52 TDMA frame=240 ms Block 0 0 Block 1 4 Block 2 T Block 3 8 13 Block 4 17 Block 5 i Block 6 21 26 Block 7 30 Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i 34 39 43 47 51
12 blocks of 4 radio burst each Each block can transfer one GPRS logical channel information
21
Radio Resource Management RLC/MAC layer

RLC/MAC is the most important layer for communication between MS and BSC:
RLC/MAC controls the data flow over the air interface and Abis interface. BSS performance is based on RLC block transmissions / retransmission RLC: Radio Link Control MAC: Medium Access mode: allows to have dynamic allocation of Mobiles over radio timeslots (pair of TBF/USF)
LLC frame FCS LLC layer
FH
Information field
RLC blocks
BH
Info field BCS BH Primary block
Info field BCS BH Follow ing block
Info field BCS RLC/MAC layer
Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst Normal burst FH = FCS = BH = BCS =
Physical layer
Frame Header Frame Check Sequence Block Header Block Check Sequence (When SDCCH coding is used, BCS corresponds to the Fire code) EPFL cours Mobile network
22
Radio Resource Management Notion of GPRS territory
TRX 1
CCCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
TCH
GSM Territory GPRS Territory
TRX 2
TCH
Default GPRS Capacity Territory border move based On GSM and GPRS traffic load evolution
Dedicated GPRS Capacity
23
Radio Resource Management Timeslot sharing
GPRS data transfer = discontinuous series of Temporary Block Flows.
1 TBF = 1 user (with a given TFI, TLLI, USF) 1 TBF can be transferred onto several radio timeslots
TBF4
TBF3
TBF3 TSL 0 BCCH TSL 1 TCH TSL 2 TCH TSL 3 TCH TSL 4 PDCH TBF1 TSL 5 PDCH
TBF2
TBF1 TSL 6 PDCH
TBF2
TBF1 TSL 7 PDCH
TDMA frame
Data transfer = Uplink / Downlink TBF (Temporary Block Flow) Assignment Timeslots allocation GSM CCCH channels (RACH - AGCH - PCH) (GPRS - phase 1) GPRS phase 2: dedicated common control channels (PBCCH/PCCCH)
24
Radio Resource Management Notion of Data flow
RLC layer create a Temporary Block Flow, each time data needs to be sent
TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 TFI=14 BSN=24 Block 7 30 TFI=14 BSN=26
Downlink Data transfer RLC header Block 0 0
BSN=24 BSN=25 Block 1 4
BSN=26 BSN=27 BSN=28 Block 4 17 Block 5 i Block 6 21 26 TFI=14 Ack: 25,27,28 Nack: 24,26
Block 2 T Block 3 8 13
Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i 34 39 43 TFI=14 Ack: 24,26 47 51
Uplink MS receive on TFI 14
TBF dynamically managed by the network To avoid collisions, network identify each user with TFI and TLLI Number of retransmission linked to C/I ratio Retransmissions will decrease real user data throughput
25
Radio Resource Management Multi user radio sharing
MAC layer handle resource sharing between mobiles
Downlink Data transfer MAC header Block 0 0
SP=0
SP=0
SP=1
SP=1
SP=1
SP=1 RRBP= i+2 Block 7 30 TFI=14 Ack: 25,27,28 Nack: 24,26
TFI=14 RRBP= i+1
RRBP= RRBP= RRBP= i+4 i+3 i+2 Block 1 4 Block 2 T Block 3 8 13 Block 4 17 Block 5 i Block 6 21 26
Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i 34 39 43 TFI=14 Ack: 24,26 47 51
MS receive on TFI 14
Mobile knows on which block to ack/nack received PDU Mobile use these control blocks to transfer other information (measurement reports, uplink resource request, etc)
26
Radio Resource Management Dynamic uplink sharing

Several mobiles can share the same radio timeslot MAC layer indicates each mobile which block it can use for uplink transfer
Downlink Data transfer MAC header Block 0 0
USF=4
USF=4
USF=1
USF=5
USF=5
USF=4
USF=1
USF=1
USF=5
Block 1 4
Block 2 T Block 3 8 13 Block 3
Block 4 17
Block 5 i Block 6 21 26
Block 7 30 Block 7
Block 8 i Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 i 34 Block 8 39 43 47 51
MS USF 1 Block 1 MS USF 4 Block 4 MS USF 5
Block 2
Block 6
Block 5
Block 9
Uplink State Flag definition only local to a physical channel (i.e. 1 radio timeslot in the TDMA frame)
27
GPRS Part 2 Content

to practice
IMPLEMENTATION CONSTRAINTS
NETWORK DIMENSIONING & PLANNING

NETWORK PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMISATION

TOOLS FOR GPRS
28
Implementation Constraints Upgrade of GSM network

New Core Network
GPRS backbone is an IP network

New approach in Mobile Telecommunication First interaction between IT and mobile telecom network dept. Multi-supplier solution
Interoperability problems
Interfaces between Core and Access are standardised by ETSI but multi-vendor solution always leads to complexity. Mobile and network compatibility over the air interface is another source of problems
Different mobiles = different performances
29
Implementation Constraints Hardware & Software Releases

HW & SW Release management
Networks have been upgraded with new software and sometimes hardware
Incomplete GPRS features
Mobile vendors dont develop the full specifications in their first software releases GPRS functionality is evolving every year (SW releases after SW releases) Radio enhancement still to come
immature ETSI specifications
Suppliers followed different versions at the beginning, which led to incompatibility and performance problem
30
Implementation Constraints Heterogeneous BSS Network
GPRS Core Network
South region - BSS Network Supplier A
North region - BSS Network Supplier B
GPRS handset GPRS handset
Problem of uniform Quality of Service (different SW/HW, different problems) Complex network evolution (i.e. new feature cannot be implemented country wide)
31
GPRS Dimensioning
Network Dimensioning
Number of GPRS users Paquet transfer per users Quality of Service Coverage area Peak hours
Radio Dimensioning
GPRS Territory size Number of cells TRX upgrade Signalling increase
Transmission capacity (Abis/Gb) Bearer size Number of PCU
New hardware requirements

32
Network Planning
Reuse existing GSM coverage Reuse of GSM signalling and traffic plan New core network planning New Routing Area Planning
33
Analysis and optimisation Tools for GPRS

Probe System
Data capture across all GPRS network interfaces
MSC VLR HLR
Gs
Gr Gc
Gi
internet
BTS
Gb
Gn
BSC
SGSN
Gp
GGSN Foreign PLNM
BG
1. Data capture
2. Data data storage
3. Data analysis
34
Analysis and optimisation Tools for GPRS

Protocol analyser
In depth signalling study
35
Documentation
Rseaux GSM (ISBN 2-7462-0153-4)
Xavier Lagrange, Philippe Godlewski, Sami Tabbane
Ingnierie des rseaux cellulaires (ISBN 2-7462-0550-5)
Sami Tabbane
The GSM Evolution - Mobile Packet Data Services (ISBN 0-470-84855-3)
Peter Stuckmann
GPRS Signalling & Protocol Analysis Vol. 1
Gunnar Heine
36
Evolution towards EDGE Content
DEFINITION
NETWORK PERFORMANCE
EDGE IMPLEMENTATION
EDGE DIMENSIONING
APPLICATIONS FOR EDGE
37
EDGE as a GERAN feature
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution, from Release 99

Technical aspects EDGE is a mature product (all vendors NEs & features are ready since mid2004) EGPRS only (ECSD not implemented by suppliers) Available for all bands (850/900/1800/1900) Performances 2 to 4 times higher data throughput than GPRS Interactive and Background classes*, Rel 99:
Now
Web browsing, mail attachment, chat, e-commerce, file transfer, at high data rate.
Ensure the backward compatibility with GPRS mobiles
Streaming with mobility QoS*, Rel 4:

Audio & Video streaming Video on-demand. Conversational for data services*, Rel 5 & Rel 6:
2005 2006/2007
Videotelephony
(*) EDGE has been standardised to enhance the data rate but not to enhance QoS service ( still best effort service) other features of GERAN will do it
Objective: a higher data throughput thanks to a better spectral efficiency.

38
From GSM to GERAN evolution of specifications

2G 2.5G 2.75G 3GPP (GERAN) 3G
GSM
GPRS
ETSI (BSS)
EDGE
GERAN
UMTS/UTRAN
3GPP (UTRAN)
39
EDGE evolution of GSM air interface

8PSK modulation to replace GMSK
(0,0,0) (0,1,0) (0,1,1)
(0,0,1)
(1,0,1) (1,0,0)
EDGE Modulation 8-PSK, 3bit/sym Symbol rate 270.833 ksps Payload/burst 346 bits Gross rate/time slot 69.2 kbps
(1,1,1)
(1,1,0)
GSM GMSK, 1 bit/sym 270.833 ksps 114 bits 22.8 kbps
40
Theoretical performance of EDGE

kbps
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-9 MCS-8 MCS-7 MCS-6 MCS-5 MCS-4 MCS-3 MCS-2 MCS-1
EGPRS (8-PSK) EGPRS (GMSK) GPRS (GMSK)
EDGE can provide data services with maximum radio throughput of 235kbps using 4 TS.
41
Network impact of EDGE implementation
New BSC Release

2106 B T BTS
S B T S
ABIS
P C U
BSC BSC
Gb
GMSC MSC/ MSC VLR

Gs Gr
HLR HLR
B T S
Gi (IP)
Um
AUC
mobiles
BTS Upgrade
SGSN
SGSN
GGSN GGSN
Gn PDN
Gn
EIR
Other PLMN IP-Backbone
Network
Gp
HW or SW Upgrade No Upgrade
New Mobiles
42
Radio performances impact of EDGE implementation
EDGE is main influence on GSM is on the radio interface.
Upgrade of GSM network with EDGE will influence the radio conditions
There is a need for carefull radio optimisation
EDGE throughput is highly dependent on interferences (C/I), especially at the cells border
43
EDGE vs UMTS for indoor coverage

Robustness of Edge :
Compensation of radio propagation fluctuation thanks to Link Adaptation
Instability of UMTS :
Throughput Drop due to building penetration and the mobile Power rise phenomenon.
Throughput (kbps)
320
UMTS
Power limitation
200
EDGE 900
Link adaptation
BTS-MS distance (m) 500 Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005 1200
44
Dimensioning principles: radio

Deploy EDGE on BCCH TRX (beacon channel) or not?
Preferred configuration C/I mostly > 15dB For all values of C/I
Choose the TRX that have the best C/I distribution If BCCH and non BCCH TRX have same C/I distribution try to optimize the network to increase the C/I. If BCCH and non BCCH TRX have always slightly the same C/I distribution put EDGE on non BCCH with synthesized SFH (EDGE performances could not reach expected values, i.e. average of 30kbps/TS)
Small PS traffic (1 to 5 TS)
BCCH
Try to optimize the network to increase the C/I of non BCCH TRX.
Important PS traffic (more than 5 TS)
non BCCH
If non BCCH TRX have always slightly the same C/I distribution, put EDGE on non BCCH with synthesized SFH EDGE performances could not reach expected values (i.e. average of 30kbps/TS)
45
Dimensioning principles: transmission

Objective: a higher data throughput thanks to a better spectral efficiency.
EDGE capable TRX need to be added, old BTS might have to be changed, BSC/PCU
shall support EDGE capability.

Re-dimensioning of the interface according to the traffic growth.
46
EDGE Service Portfolio Services

MMS
Orange World Audio/Video Streaming Video Messaging File Downloads Video Telephony
FTP
(kbps)
RTT
(sec)
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
Best Effort >16 >128 >64 64-384 >64
N/A 1-5 <1 N/A N/A <0.2

Enabler technology Premium technology
Not possible
Best Fitted technology
47
Continuity of Service
Without EDGE
Data Speed 384kbps Data Speed 384kbps
With EDGE
UMTS
No Service Continuity
200kbps
UMTS
Service Continuity with reduced throughput and latency
Edge Underlay
40kbps
GPRS legacy
40kbps
GPRS legacy
Edge Introduction -> Bridging the Broadband Services gap

48
HSDPA as the next evolution after EDGE

HSDPA is to UMTS what EDGE is to GPRS
New radio modulation offering higher bandwidth
Data Speed 2Mbps
UMTS to HSDPA is a factor 5

HSDPA
x5
EDGE to UMTS is a factor 2
GPRS to EDGE is a factor 5

384kbps
UMTS
200kbps
x2 x5
EDGE
40kbps
GPRS
49
Access Network Logical Layers
GSM (EDGE)
WAN
UMTS (HSDPA)
MAN
Wi-MAX Wi-Fi
Bluetooth UWB
LAN PAN
50
Mobile Broadband Technology map
IP Based Convergence Wi-Max

802.16d
IP Core
Wi-Max
802.16e
Backhaul Wi-Fi
802.11
Rural
Sub-Urban
Urban
In-Building Hotspots
PICO
Access
MACRO
MICRO Cellular Mobility GSM (EDGE) & UMTS (HSDPA)
51
Conclusion
EDGE deemed as a mature/stable/robust technology Edge terminals are cheaper and more robust than UMTS (batteries)
Complementary to UMTS in rural and suburban areas

International roaming with American/Asian operators that will transit to EDGE in Europe
For usual radio conditions: RLC throughputs around 40 kbps may be expected per timeslot (x4 for class 10 MS)
FTP throughputs around 35 kbps may be expected per timeslot (x4 for class 10 MS)
BUT EDGE rollout or upgrade of existing network has an important cost

Old generation of BTS must be swapped Last generation of BTS must be upgraded Long and complex process for an operator Such investment is in competition with other emmerging technologies (UMTS, HSDPA, WiMax, UMA,)
52
the futures bright, the futures Orange

2.5 GPRS Edge

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EPFL Section Systmes de Communication Cours Mobile Networks

GSM, GPRS & EDGE

Frdric Michaud Network Development Engineering 13/12/2005

GPRS Part 1 Content

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

EPFL cours Mobile network

Introduction to GSM Network

Access Network or BSS (Base Station Sub-system)

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

GSM Network Element Descriptions

HLR: Home Location Register.

Database of all subscriber (Services, location, status,.)

Traffic routing, mobility management, Switching & Signalling

BSC: Base Station Controller

Management of mobile, handover, power control

RF to Baseband conversion. Management of radio layer, receive orders from BSC.

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

EPFL cours Mobile network

Main function of GSM radio network

Power Control (manage interferences and call quality)

Phone close to antenna:

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

EPFL cours Mobile network

Introduction to GPRS Network

General Packet Radio Service:

a way to extend packet transfer up to the mobile station

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

EPFL cours Mobile network

BANKING & FINANCIAL SERVICES

LOCAL SERVICES (CITY GUIDE)

BUY & SELL

To do lists Calendar Address book Agenda

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

EPFL cours Mobile network

Notion of Quality of Service

QoS = Quality of Service 5 Classes as specified in ETSI

Video Streaming (RT):

Architecture Network Diagram

GPRS Core Network

Inter PLMN Backbone

Architecture evolution of BSS network

allow the dynamic traffic allocation

BSC PCU SGSN

Architecture New core equipments

IP network GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

Mobility Management Session Management Charging Cyphering and compression

GPRS Tunneling (PLMN internet)

Charging O&M (Operation & Maintenance) Lawful interception

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

EPFL cours Mobile network

CS Core Network (GSM)

PS Core Network (GPRS)

CS Core Network (GSM) CS mode (GSM only) or PS mode (GPRS only)

PS Core Network (GPRS)

Mobility Management Mobile States

Frederic Michaud 13.12.2005

No data reception or transmission

EPFL cours Mobile network

Architecture GPRS Protocol stacks

GMM/SM Mobility Management Session Management cyphering

SNDCP LLC RLC MAC

SNDCP LLC BSSGP Network