Outline
Introduction
Anxiety disorders:
- Panic disorder
- Phobias
Outline
Therapy
Nursing care
Introduction
Anxiety is an emotional response (e.g.,
Introduction
Anxiety is different than stress. Stress, or more
properly, a stressor, is an external pressure that is brought to bear on the individual. Anxiety is the subjective emotional response to that stressor.
Anxiety may be distinguished from fear in that it is an
Epidemiology
Anxiety disorders are the most common of all
Epidemiology
Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders within the
Panic Disorder
Panic is a sudden overwhelming feeling of terror
or impending doom.
This most severe form of emotional anxiety is
Panic Disorder
This disorder is characterized by recurrent panic
attacks.
At least four of the following symptoms must be
Panic Disorder
- Trembling or shaking
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
- Feeling of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
Panic Disorder
- Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization
Panic Disorder
The attacks usually last minutes, or more rarely,
hours.
The disorder may last for a few weeks or months
Panic Disorder
Etiology:
Genetics:
Panic Disorder
Neurochemical:
- Increase in norepinephrine.
Nursing care
Panic Anxiety:
- Stay with client; offer reassurance of safety
- Remain calm
- Use simple explanations
Nursing care
- Tranquilizers, as ordered
- Encourage verbalization of current situation
Phobia
Phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an
object or situation.
Three major types of phobia: - Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. - Social phobia. - Specific phobia.
Phobia
Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder:
- It is a fear of being in places or situations from
Social phobia:
- It is an excessive fear of situations in which a person
public place, fear of using a public restroom, or fear of writing in the presence of others.
saying things or answering questions in a manner that would provoke laughter on the part of others.
- Exposure to the phobic situation usually results in
Specific phobia:
- It was formerly called simple phobia.
Nursing care
Fear:
- Reassure client of safety - Encourage client to verbalize about fears - Discuss reality of the situation - Help client select alternative coping strategies - Help client face underlying feelings that may be
Nursing care
Social isolation:
- Convey acceptance and unconditional positive regard - Attend activities with client - Be cautious with touch - Discuss signs and symptoms of increasing anxiety and
ways to intervene
- Give recognition for voluntary interactions with others
others.
type of response include participation in military combat, experiencing violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage, being incarcerated as a prisoner of war, experiencing natural or man-made
Treatment
Individual psychotherapy
Cognitive therapy
Behavior therapy:
- Systematic Desensitization
Treatment
Systematic Desensitization:
- The client is gradually exposed to the phobic stimulus,
Treatment
- The patient is instructed to use relaxation
stimulus.
- It based on the fact that because relaxation is
Treatment
Implosion Therapy (Flooding):
- It is a therapeutic process in which the client must
Treatment
Psychopharmacology:
- Use of antianxiety (anxiolytics) drugs
Any Questions?
Thanks