The Hydrologic Engineering Centers Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS)

HEC-HMS

Summary of Topics - HEC-HMS

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Premier Hydrologic Model Today (HEC)

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Performs RF-RO Calculations for Watersheds

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Basic Input and Output Options Precipitation Options Unit Hydrograph Options Flood Routing Option Creating and Viewing Results and Graphs

Execution of HEC-HMS
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Running actual projects Calibration to gage data Castro Valley case study Keegans example Linkage with GIS/NEXRAD data (HEC Geo-HMS)

The Hydrologic Cycle

100 Precipitation on lan d 61 Evaporation from land Snow melt Surface runoff Precipitation 424 Evaporation from ocean 39 Moisture over land

385 Precipitation on ocean

Infiltration Groundwater Wate r t ab Recharge le 38 Surface discharge 1 Groundwater discharge

Groundwater flow Impervious strata

Uses of the HEC Program

Models the rainfall-runoff process in a watershed based on watershed physiographic data
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Offers a variety of modeling options in order to compute UH for basin areas. Offers a variety of options for flood routing along streams. Capable of estimating parameters for calibration of each basin based on comparison of computed data to observed data

HEC-1 Program History

HEC-1 - History of Model Development
Separate Programs: 1967 by Leo R. Beard q Major Revision and Unification: 1973 q Second Major Revision: 1981 (Dam Breach, Kinematic Wave) q PC Versions: 1984 (partial), 1988 (full)
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HEC-1/HMS Program History

Current Versions: 1991, 1998
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1991 Version Provides Extended Memory Support 1998 Version 4.1 is Final Release

HEC NexGen Project Begins 1990 (RAS, HMS, FDA) HEC-HMS - New GUI and Updates
First Release April 1998 q Version 1.1 Released April 1999 q Current Version 2.0.3
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HEC-HMS Background
Purpose of HEC-HMS
Improved User Interface, Graphics, and Reporting q Improved Hydrologic Computations q Integration of Related Hydrologic Capabilities
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Importance of HEC-HMS
Foundation for Future Hydrologic Software q Replacement for HEC-1
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Improvements over HEC-1

Ease of Use
projects divided into three components q user can run projects with different parameters instead of creating new projects q hydrologic data stored as DSS files q capable of handling NEXRAD-rainfall data and gridded precipitation
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Converts HEC-1 files into HMS files

HEC-HMS Availability
Available Through HEC Vendors Available at HEC Web Site: http://www.wrc-hec.usace.army.mil Public Domain Program No Copyright on Software No Copyright on HEC Documentation Special Training Available

EXAMPLE 5.1 Small Watershed Example (HEC-1) A small undeveloped watershed has the parameters listed in the following tables. A unit hydrograph and Muskingum routing coefficients are known for subbasin 3, shown in Fig. E5.1(a). TC and R values for subbasins 1 and 2 and associated SCS curve numbers (CN) are provided as shown. A 5-hr rainfall hyetograph in in./hr is shown in Fig. E5.1(b) for a storm event that occurred on June 19, 1983. Assume that the rain fell uniformly over the watershed. Use the information given to develop a HEC-1 input data set to model this storm. Run the model to determine the predicted outflow at point B. Note that this same sample will be used later with HEC-HMS as Example 5.2. SUBBASIN NUMBER 1 2 3
UH FOR SUBBASIN 3:

TC (hr) 2.5 2.8 --

R (hr) 5.5 7.5 -0 0

SCS CURVE NUMBER 66 58 58 1 200 2 400

% IMPERVIOUS (%) 0 0 0 3 600 4 450 5 300 6

AREA (mi2) 2.5 2.7 3.3 7 0

TIME (hr) U (cfs)

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Muskingum coefficients: x = 0.15, K = 3 hr, Area = 3.3 sq mi

Solution The input data set is as follows: ID **** EXAMPLE 5.1 ID **** ID **** HEC-1 INPUT DATA SET ID **** IT 60 60 19-Jun-83 1200 100 IO 4 KK SUB1 KM RUNOFF FROM SUBBASIN 1 PI 0.2 1.5 2 1 0.5 BA 2.5 LS 66 0 UC 2.5 5.5 KK SUB2 KM RUNOFF FROM SUBBASIN 2 BA 2.7 LS 58 0 UC 2.8 7.5 KK A KM COMBINE RUNOFF FROM SUB 1 WITH RUNOFF FROM SUB 2 AT A HC 2 KKA TO B KM MUSKINGUM ROUTING FROM A TO B RM 1 3 0.15 KK SUB3 KM RUNOFF FROM SUBBASIN 3 BA 3.3 LS 58 0 UI 0 200 400 600 450 300 KK B KM COMBINE FLOW FROM SUB 3 AND ROUTED TO POINT B HC 2 ZZ

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Program Organization
Main project screen
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Connects to all data and information through menus

Using HEC-HMS
Three components
Basin model - contains the elements of the basin, their connectivity, and runoff parameters q Meteorologic Model - contains the rainfall and evapotranspiration data q Control Specifications - contains the start/stop timing and calculation intervals for the run
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Project Definition
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May contain several basin models, meteorologic models, and control specifications User can select a variety of combinations of the three models in order to see the effects of changing parameters on one subbasin

Basin Model
Basin Model
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Based on Graphical User Interface (GUI) Click on elements from left and drag into basin area Can import map files from GIS programs to use as background Actual locations of elements do not matter, just connectivity and runoff parameters

Basin Model Elements

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subbasins- contains data for subbasins (losses, UH transform, and baseflow) reaches- connects elements together and contains flood routing data junctions- connection point between elements reservoirs- stores runoff and releases runoff at a specified rate (storage-discharge relation)

Basin Model Elements

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sinks- has an inflow but no outflow sources- has an outflow but no inflow diversions- diverts a specified amount of runoff to an element based on a rating curve - used for detention storage elements or overflows

Basin Model Parameters

Loss rate, UH transform, and baseflow methods

Abstractions (Losses)
Interception Storage Depression Storage Surface Storage Evaporation Infiltration Interflow Groundwater and Base Flow

Loss Rate methods

Green & Ampt Initial & constant SCS curve no. Gridded SCS curve no. Deficit/Constant No loss rate

Initial and Uniform Loss Computation

Initial Loss Applied at Beginning of Storm
Estimated from Previous or SCS data q Sand: 0.80-1.50 inches; Clay: 0.40-1.00 inches
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Uniform Loss Applied Throughout Storm

Also Estimated From Previous Studies or SCS Data q Sand: 0.10-0.0 in/hr; Clay 0.05-0.15 in/hr
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HEC-HMS Loss Entry Window

Rainfall/Runoff Transformation
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Unit Hydrograph Distributed Runoff Grid-Based Transformation Methods:

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Clark Snyder SCS Input Ordinates ModClark Kinematic Wave

Unit Hydrograph
Definition:
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Sub-Basin Surface Outflow Due to Unit (1-in) Rainfall Excess Applied Uniformly Over a SubBasin in a Specified Time Duration HEC-HMS Sets Duration Equal to Computation Interval

Duration of UH:
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Synthetic Unit Hydrographs

Computed from Basin Characteristics HEC- HMS Synthetic Unit Hydrographs
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SCS Dimensionless Unit graph Clark Unit Hydrograph (TC & R) Snyder Unit Hydrograph User-Defined Input Unit Hydrograph ModClark Unit Hydrograph

Clark Unit Hydrograph Computation

Estimating Time of Concentration for Clark Unit Hydrograph

Hydraulic Analysis Method
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Compute Travel Time in Open Channels and Storm Sewers based on Flow Velocities Compute Reservoir Travel Time from Wave Velocity

Overland Flow Equations

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Kerby Method Kirpich Method Overton & Meadows SCS TR-55 Method for Shallow Concentrated Flow

Baseflow Options
recession q constant monthly q linear reservoir q no baseflow
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Stream Flow Routing

Simulates Movement of Flood Wave Through Stream Reach q Accounts for Storage and Flow Resistance q Allows modeling of a watershed with subbasins
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Reach Routing
Flood routing methods:
Simple Lag Modified Puls Muskingum Muskingum Cunge Kinematic Wave

HEC-HMS Methods for Stream Flow Routing

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Hydraulic Methods - Uses partial form of St Venant Equations

Kinematic Wave Method q Muskingum-Cunge Method
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Hydrologic Methods
Muskingum Method q Storage Method (Modified Puls) q Lag Method
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Effects of Stream Flow Routing

Avg Inflow - Avg Outflow = dS/dt

Storage S

Inflow Outflow
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Modified Puls (Storage) Stream Flow Routing Method

Storage-Indication Relationship:

I - Q = (dS/dt)
Averaging at two points in time: 1 and 2

I1 + I2 + (2S1/t - Q1)= (2S2/t + Q2)

HEC-HMS Stream Flow Routing Data Window

Storage-Discharge Relationships

Stream Flow Diversions

Diversion Identification Maximum Volume of Diversion (Optional) Maximum Rate of Diversion (Optional) Diversion Rating Table
Stream Flow Rates Upstream of Diversion q Corresponding Diversion Rates
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Stream Flow Diversions

Flow is allowed to move from one channel to another via a side weir or flow across a low divide Weir
Diverted Q

Flow increases until a fixed level and then a flow diversion table determines rate through the weir or across the divide

Reservoir Routing
Developed Outside HEC-HMS
Storage Specification Alternatives:
Storage versus Discharge Storage versus Elevation Surface Area versus Elevation

Discharge Specification Alternatives:

Spillways, Low-Level Outlets, Pumps Dam Safety: Embankment Overflow, Dam Breach

Reservoirs
Pond storage with outflow pipe Orifice flow
I S

I - Q d S = d t

L e v e l P o o l R e s e r v o ir Q (w e ir flo w )

H Q (o r ific e flo w ) S = f(Q ) I O r ific e f lo w : Q = C * 2gH Q = f(H )

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Weir flows
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W e ir F lo w : 3 H Q = C L/2

Inflow and Outflow

I n flo w Q (cfs) (cfs ) I= Q O u tflo w

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Reservoir Data Input

Initial Conditions to Be Considered
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Inflow = Outflow Initial Storage Values Initial Outflow Initial Elevation

Elevation Data Relates to Both Storage/Area and Discharge HEC-1 Routing Routines with Initial Conditions and Elevation Data can be Imported as Reservoir Elements

Reservoir Data Input Window

Meteorologic Model
Meteorologic Model
Precipitation

EvapotranspirationET
monthly average, no evapotranspiration

user hyetograph user gage weighting inverse-distance gage weighting gridded precipitation frequency storm

Precipitation
Historical Rainfall Data Recording Gages Non-Recording Rainfall Gages Design Storms Hypothetical Frequency Storms Corps Standard Project Storm Probable Maximum Precipitation

Gage Data
Gage Data
(from project definition screen)

Precipitation gagesprecipitation data for use with meteorologic models Stream gages- observed level data to compare computed and actual results

Precipitation: Gridded Weather Radar Data

Data from National Weather Service
NexRAD program, Doppler Radar

Data must be manipulated and stored in DSS file format Grids are HRAP (NWS) or SHG (HEC)
HRAP uses spherical projections and generalized earth radius values SHG uses Albers Equal Area projections Grids cover about 1 square kilometer

Historical raw data may not be archived

Sources of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF)

East of 105th Meridian (Denver)
NWS HYDRO-5 (5 minutes to 60 minutes) q NWS TP-40 (2 hours to 24 hours) - 1961 q NWS TP-49 (2 days to 10 days)
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West of 105th Meridian

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NOAA Atlas 2 (Separate Volumes for Each State)

Input and Output Files

project-nam e.HMS: List of models, descriptions and
project default method options

basin-model-nam e.BASIN: Basin model data,

including connectivity information model data

precipitation-model-nam e.PRECIP: Precipitation control-specifications- nam e.CONTROL: Control

specifications of run

run-nam e.LOG: Messages generated during execution project-nam e.RUN: List of runs, including most
recent execution time

Input and Output Files

project-name .DSS: DSS file containing basin model
data such as computed hydrographs and storage discharge relationships project-name .DSC: List of files contained in DSS file project-name .OUT: Log of operations for the DSS file project-name .MAP: Coordinate point file for subbasin boundaries and channel location project-name .GAGE: Listing of gages available for use in the project HMStemp.TMP: Echo listing of imported HEC-1 model

Data Storage System (DSS)

Multiple time series or relational data sets Each data set or record has a unique pathname/Castro
Valley/Fire Dept/PRECIP-INC/16Jan197/10min/Obs/

Pathnames Consist of Parts A through F q Part A: General name, project name q Part B: Specific name, or control point q Part C: Data type (PRECIP-INC, PRECIP-CUM, FLOW, STORAGE, etc.) q Part D: Start Date q Part E: Time interval q Part F: User specified

The HEC-HMS Options

Precipitation Option (6 available) Loss Computation (5 available) Runoff Transform Computation (6 available) Routing Computation (7 available) Over 6 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 1,260 Combinations Subbasin
routing reach

Control Specifications
Control Specifications - Start/Stop/Time Interval

Running a project
User selects the
1. Basin model 2. Meteorologic model 3. Control ID for the HMS run

Viewing Results
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To view the results: right-click on any basin element, results will be for that point Display of results: hydrograph- graphs outflow vs. time summary table- gives the peak flow and time of peak time-series table- tabular form of outflow vs. time
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Comparing computed and actual results: plot observed data on the same hydrograph to by selecting a discharge gage for an element

Viewing Results

hydrograph

HEC-HMS Output
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Tables Summary Detailed (Time Series) Hyetograph Plots Sub-Basin Hydrograph Plots Routed Hydrograph Plots Combined Hydrograph Plots Recorded Hydrographs - comparison

Viewing Results

Summary table Time series table

HEC-HMS Output
Sub-Basin Plots Runoff Hydrograph Hyetograph Abstractions Base Flow

HEC-HMS Output
Junction Plots
Tributary Hydrographs Combined Hydrograph Recorded Hydrograph

Purpose of Calibration
Can Compute Sub-Basin Parameters Loss Function Parameters Unit Hydrograph Parameters Can Compute Stream Flow Routing Parameters Requires Gage Records

FINALLY - information on HEC-HMS

www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/software_ distrib/hec-hms/hechmsprogram.html (the users manual can be downloaded from this site) www.dodson-hydro.com/download.htm# Electronic_Documents Available on the laboratory computers