Shivansh Gaba X-C Roll No: 34

WHAT IS TRIGONOMETRY?
Trigonometry in basic words is the mathematics of triangles and

trigonometric functions.
The word Trigonometry comes from the Greek words: Trigonon

meaning triangle and metron meaning a measure.

In a broader sense, trigonometry is that branch if mathematics

which deals with the measurement of the sides and the angles of a triangle and the problems allied with angles.

Trigonometry is not the work of any one person or nation. Its history spans thousands of years and has touched every major civilization.
The first use of the idea of sine

ORIGIN OF SINE

in the way we use it today was in the work Aryabhatiyam by Aryabhata in A.D. 500. Aryabhata used the word ardha-jya for the half chord which came to be known as jiva in due course.
Later, jiva came to be known

as sinus and later as sine. An English Professor Edmund Gunter (1581-1626) first used the abbreviated notation sin . Aryabhata A.D. 476-550

COSINE AND TANGENT

The origin of the terms

cosine and tangent was much later. The cosine function arose from the need to compute the sine of the complementary angle.

kotijya. The name cosinus

Aryabhata called

originated with Edmund Gunter. In 1674, the English Mathematician Sir Jonas Moore first used the abbreviated notation cos

Edmund Gunter (1581 1626)

THE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

The Cosecant, Secant, and Cotangent are the Reciprocals of the Sine, Cosine,and Tangent respectively . Function

Abbr.

Description

Sine Cosine Tangent

Cotangent

sin cos tan cot sec

Opposite Hypotenuse Adjacent Hypotenuse Opposite Adjacent Adjacent Opposite Hypotenuse Adjacent Opposite

Secant
Note: The formulas provided are in respect to the picture.

Cosecant cosec Hypotenuse

THE TRIGONOMETRIC VALUES

Angle A
sin A cos A tan A cosec A sec A cot A

30o
1 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 3

45o
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1

60o
3 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3

90o
1 0 Not Defined 1 Not Defined 0

0 1 0 Not Defined 1 Not Defined

Basic Trigonometric Identities

Quotient identities: Reciprocal Identities:

tan( A) =
csc( A) =

sin( A) cos( A)

cot( A) =

cos( A) sin( A)

1 sin( A) 1 sin( A) = csc( A)

1 sec( A) = cos( A) 1 cos( A) = sec( A)

1 cot( A) = tan( A) 1 tan( A) = cot( A)

Pythagorean Identities:

sin 1( A) + cos 1( A) = 1 tan 1( A) + 1 sec 1( A) =

1 cot1( A) = cos ec1( A) +

HOW TO USE TRIGONOMETRY IN REAL LIFE?

The project given is elaborated as follows:

Objective : To find the angle of elevation of a room . Knowledge Required : 1. Trigonometric Ratios 2. Trigonometric Values (acute angles) Materials Required : 1. A meter stick 2. A measuring tape

PERFORMING THE TASK !!

Take the meter stick and put it horizontally on the wall to

measure the length .

Now, with the help of an adult measure the diagonal distance

(hypotenuse) of your room.

Record the length in centimeters and convert it into meters. Take the ratio of the length of the stick to the diagonal

distance to your room.

Use the trigonometric ratios to find out the angle of elevation

of your room !!

THE MUCH AWAITED RESULT

I performed the activity mentioned and since I took the ratio

of wall to the diagonal my ratio was as follows : Perpendicular (opposite) Hypotenuse

We already know that this value is equal to sin. Now the values I got were:

Perpendicular = 6 mts. Hypotenuse = 12mts.

THERES THE ANSWER!!!

Sin A =

=
Values)

Perpendicular Hypotenuse 6 12 1 2
o

(Putting the

Sin A =

Sin A = Sin 30

Angle of Elevation = 30o

THANK YOU