Many factors/inputs/variables must be taken into consideration when making a product especially a brand new one The Taguchi method is a structured approach for determining the best combination of inputs to produce a product or service
Based on a Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology for determining parameter levels
Taguchi method
Traditional Design of Experiments focused on how different design factors affect the average result level In Taguchis DOE (robust design), variation is more interesting to study than the average Robust design: An experimental method to achieve product and process quality through designing in an insensitivity to noise based on statistical principles.
Robust Design
A statistical / engineering methodology that aim at reducing the performance variation of a system. The input variables are divided into two board categories.
Control factor: the design parameters in product or process design. Noise factor: factors whoes values are hard-to-control during normal process or use conditions
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Determine which process parameters have the greatest impact on the hardness of the steel components
Taguchi method
To investigate how different parameters affect the mean and variance of a process performance characteristic.
The Taguchi method is best used when there are an intermediate number of variables (3 to 50), few interactions between variables, and when only a few variables contribute significantly.
Fractional factorial designs can be used in these cases to draw out valuable conclusions from fewer runs.
The principle states that, most of the time, responses are affected by a small number of main effects and lower order interactions, while higher order interactions are relatively unimportant.
Half-Fraction Designs
A half-fraction of the 2k design involves running only half of the treatments of the full factorial design. For example, consider a 23 design that requires 8 runs in all. A half-fraction is the design in which only four of the eight treatments are run. The fraction is denoted as 2 3-1with the -1 " in the index denoting a half-fraction. In the next figure: Assume that the treatments chosen for the half-fraction design are the ones where the interaction ABC is at the high level (1). The resulting 23-1 design has a design matrix as shown in Figure (b).
Half-Fraction Designs
No. of runs = 8
23
No. of runs = 4
No. of runs = 4
Half-Fraction Designs
The effect, ABC , is called the generator or word for this design The column corresponding to the identity, I , and column corresponding to the interaction , ABC are identical. The identical columns are written as I= ABC and this equation is called the defining relation for the design.
The first defining relation returns the half-fraction or the 2 k-1design. The second defining relation selects half of the runs of the 2k-1 design to give the quarterfraction.
Figure a, I= ABCD 2k-1. Figure b, I=AD 2k-2
24-1
I=AD
24-2
2III3-1 I = -ABC
L8 (2^7)
signal-to-noise ratio
The company has requested that you run experiments to increase processor yield. The factors that affect processor yields are temperature, pressure, doping amount, and deposition rate.
a) Question: Determine the Taguchi experimental design orthogonal array.
This setup allows the testing of all four variables without having to run 81 (=34)
Temper ature
Trial 2
Trial 3
Mean
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 5 8 2 5 8 2 5 8
4 6 8 6 8 4 8 4 6
B (pres) 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
SNi 19.5 21.5 19.1 17.6 14.8 29.3 22.3 24.0 20.4
SN B1 19 .5 17 .6 22 .3 19 .8 3
Level 1 2 3
SN B2 21 .5 14 .8 24 .0 20 .1 3
Rank
A (temp) B (pres) C (dop) 20 19.8 24.3 20.6 20.1 19.8 22.2 22.9 18.7 2.2 3.1 5.5 4 3 2
The effect of this factor is then calculated by determining the range: Max Min 22.9 19.8 3.1
Deposition rate has the largest effect on the processor yield and the temperature has the smallest effect on the processor yield.
Example Solution
Available designs
Design matrix