WHAT ARE COMPETENCIES

A competency is something that a person or organization is competent in performing. Competencies are a mixture of natural talents and practiced skills. Professional Competencies Managerial Competencies Interpersonal competencies Nursing Competencies
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COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION

SUBMITTED TO VINAY SIR LECTURER K.N.C SEVAGRAM SUBMITTED BY ANCY VARKEY M.Sc NURSING 1st Yr K.N.C SEVAGRAM

Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION
Competency based nursing education is the kind of health care education which is based on the assessments of the needs of the profession. The education is based on the techniques that will help instill and improve these competencies in the graduates. Competency based education (CBE) is necessary to assure that graduates of all levels and types of education and training programs are competent to achieve new levels of education and function in the real world of Chapter work. 4 Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

DEFINITION
According to Schenck Competency Based Education is outcome based instruction and is adaptive to the changing needs of students, teachers, and the community. Competencies describe the students ability to apply basic and other skills in situations that are commonly encountered in everyday life.
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DEFINITION
According to Marwick Competencies consist of a description of the essential skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors required for effective performance of a real-world task or activity. These activities may be related to any domain of life, though have typically been linked to the field of work and to social survival in a new environment.
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SEVEN DOMAINS & THEIR ASSOCIATED COMPETENCIES

1. Medical Knowledge: Demonstrate the ability to recall and apply knowledge of human structure, function, development and pathophysiology and psychosocial development to patient care.
Competencies: Recognize and describe normal structure and function of the body. Identify the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms important to maintaining the body's homeostasis. Identify the altered structure and function (pathology and pathophysiology) of the body and its major organ systems that are seen in various diseases and conditions. Distinguish the causes of disease and recognise the ways in which Chapter 4 Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. they affect the body

SEVEN DOMAINS

Cont..

2. Clinical Skills and Patient Care: Demonstrate effective use of motor and cognitive skills in diagnosis, management and prevention of common health problems encountered in patient care. Competencies:

Develop intervention plans based on an understanding of current scientific knowledge as applied to health problems. Demonstrate the ability to perform complete and appropriately focused physical exams in a respectful, logical and organized manner. Perform routine technical procedures used in both medicine and surgery.
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SEVEN DOMAINS

Cont..

3.Scientific and Clinical Inquiry: Demonstrate understanding of scientific theory and methodology and the critical thinking skills needed to interpret and apply research to improving patient care. Competencies: Demonstrate understanding of the ethical, legal, professional and social issues implicit in the responsible design and conduct of research. Demonstrate the critical thinking skills needed for applying basic and clinical research to improving patient care.
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SEVEN DOMAINS

Cont..

4. Professionalism: Demonstrate, through knowledge and behavior, a commitment to the highest standards of competence, ethics, integrity and accountability to the patient and the profession. Competencies: Apply and practice scientific standards for quality patient care. Demonstrate respect, compassion, altruism and integrity in all interactions with patients, families, faculty, residents and peers. Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to culture, age, gender, and disabilities of patients, faculty, residents Inc. All rights reserved. and Chapter 4 Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, peers.

SEVEN DOMAINS

Cont..

5. Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Demonstrate effective listening, verbal and written communication skills with a wide range of individuals and groups in order to provide patient-centered care. Competencies: Demonstrate effective and appropriate listening, verbal, nonverbal and written communication skills with and about patients. Demonstrate the ability to adapt communications to a variety of professional settings and roles. Demonstrate leadership skills that can be used in a variety of health care settings.
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SEVEN DOMAINS

Cont..

6. Systems of Health Care: Recognize and work effectively within the larger context and system of health care to advocate for and provide quality patient care. Competencies: Explain the physician's role as an advocate for the health care system and for improvement of the medical profession. Demonstrate the ability to work effectively in a variety of health care systems and provide quality patient care while advocating for the best interest of the patient. Describe the function of health policy, health-care delivery and Chapter 4 options for health-care reform.Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

SEVEN DOMAINS

Cont..

7. Continuous Improvement of Care through Reflective Practice: Demonstrate habits of self-directed learning, including awareness of gaps in understanding, recognition of personal limitations, and acquisition of new knowledge and skills in order to stay current in all aspects of medical practice and provide optimal patient care. Competencies: Demonstrate the ability to recognize and improve upon limitations in one's knowledge and clinical skills. Demonstrate lifelong learning in the areas of science, health care Chapter 4 and public health care advances

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ASSESS PARTICIPANT NEEDS

EVALUATE COMPETENCY ATTAINMENT

SELECT COMPETENCIES

TARGET INSTRUCTION

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NEED FOR COMPETENCY BASED NURSING EDUCATION

Health care systems all over the world have become highly competitive. There is a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of nursing education . In many countries, a need has been felt to improve the quality of health care education and to regularly assess relevance of both education and training of health care professionals, especially nursing. These changes have been made keeping in view the need to ensure that graduates are competent enough to meet the Chapter 4 Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. needs of the health care field.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION

A curriculum that is competency based will contain very specific outcome statements that contain the competencies to be attained. These outcome statements can also be thought of as learner goals and are measurable. A student in a competency-based program will continue in the class until he demonstrates a level of competency that shows mastery. There are typically multiple kinds of instructional styles used, including group activities, hands-on practice, Chapter 4 individual performance, etc.

Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHARECTERISTICS Cont.
The focus of a competency-based program is not on learning theory, but is more on the needs of the learner. Those needs are generally basic skills, the application of those skills and the attainment of higher skills. Competency-based instruction generally provides the learner with immediate feedback and is paced to Chapter 4 the needs of the learner.

Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

ADVANTAGES OF COMPETENCY BASED NURSING EDUCATION.

It is believed that competency-based education is pragmatic in nature. The education of the professionals is such that upon graduation, they are able to meet the needs of society in a better manner. After getting such an education, nursing professionals also will be equipped with transferable skills that will later help them update themselves in order to meet future needs. This kind of knowledge is comprehensive since it combines theoretical understanding with skills, attitudes and strategy.
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ADVANTAGES Cont.

Learners using competency-based curriculum will build confidence in themselves as they move up in the level of competency attained. There is more time in a competency-based learning setting to provide individual attention and feedback, As well as time spent on actually practicing and learning the skill rather than listening to a series of lectures about the skill.
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DISADVANTAGES OF COMPETENCY BASED NURSING EDUCATION

The critics of this approach contend that this kind of an education is task-based and largely reductionist. With such an education, professionals behave more mechanically in terms of discrete behaviors. The underlying theoretical attributes of nursing education are also ignored in such a competencybased education.
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DISADVANTAGES Cont..
Some drawbacks include sliding back into traditional teaching methods if there is not enough follow-up and training for the facilitators. If the competencies are not carefully chosen and planned to ensure successful implementation, the curriculum will not be strong enough to support a true competency-based learning experience. A competency-based curriculum, if done right, will enhance the skill levels of professionals in white collar Chapter 4 as well as those workers in blue collar jobs. jobs

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RELEVANCE OF COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION FOR NURSING

There are several reasons why competency-based education for nursing is relevant in todays world. The key issue here is that such an education can provide the basis for setting standards. The health care professionals also can assist the students by monitoring their performance as they study through their educational programs . The respective roles of the nursing students also get clarified while they are still studying.
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COMPETENCY STANDARDS FOR A NURSING EDUCATION

Student nursing competencies vary from school to school. Nursing is a profession that requires constant reeducation and re-certification . Nursing comprises varying levels of competence in a plethora of skills, across dozens of specialties and many geographic areas and under the eye of numerous and differing regulatory agencies. There are competency standards for students and for educators, and the practical nature of nursing education tends to blur the line between classroom and clinical Chapter 4 Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. settings.

Competency Assessment Tools for Nurses

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Assessments can measure competency and identify areas for improvement. As with many professions, measuring competency has become a critical part of the nursing profession Understanding the different types and their uses will help ensure you get the most from these valuable tools Whichever assessment is chosen should be based on a careful examination of what the expected benefits or outcomes should be. This initial need analysis will help clarify and define the appropriate assessment for you and your team.
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Assessment Tools
1.

Self-Assessments

2. Hiring Assessments
3. Niche Skills Assessments 4. Peer Reviews and Management Assessments
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How to Assess Nursing Students

Nursing is a rewarding career. Assessing a nursing student's knowledge and theory of clinical nursing practice is vital to ensure competence. In clinical practice,students work with preceptors (senior nurses) for hands-on patient care .A nurse educator closely monitors and evaluates the student and offers constructive Chapter feedback on her progress. 4

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INSTRUCTIONS
1

Observe the student during complex situations that require use of cognitive skills. Evaluate the student's display of empathy to patients.

3 Analyze the student's clinical nursing competence in autonomy

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How to Assess Clinical Competencies

Nursing skills can be assessed by holding a competency fair If you are a clinical nursing supervisor, you are probably aware of the need to assess nursing competency as mandated by the Joint Commission. One approach that is becoming increasingly common is to hold a competency fair. This has the advantage over traditional methods of skills assessment in that it alleviates the burden on preceptors, particularly given the difficulty of assessing high-risk, lowChapter 4 Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. volume skills.

INSTRUCTIONS
1 Create a list of core competencies, collaborating with nursing supervisors and clinical instructors. 2 Organize the fair around a theme. The theme should be one that fosters teamwork, creativity and focus on the skills that are being evaluated. 3 Use a variety of interactive games and exhibits to Chapter measure competencies. 4

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How to Assess Educational Competencies

Ask open ended questions that will encourage the candidate to provide useful information. Assessing the educational competencies of an individual involves testing various skills. Such an evaluation is relevant when it is adapted to the specific requirements of the job the candidate is expected to perform. Besides technical competency, people also need communication and interpersonal skills to do well Chapter 4 at a job

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INSTRUCTIONS
1Identify the competencies that are critical to performance 2 Focus on assessing skills that are critical to the job profile. 3 Ask questions to assess the candidate's ability to handle possible difficult situations and respond to pressure. 4 Find out the candidate's ability for selfChapter assessment by asking open-ended questions 4

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Nurse Educator Role & Competencies

A nurse educator's role is versatile and always changing. Developing New Programs and Courses of Study Teaching and Guiding Students and/or Faculty Analyzing and Documenting Teaching Outcomes Participating in Continuing Education and Chapter 4 Lifelong Learning

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CONCLUSION
Training builds competency and confidence because participants know what level of performance is expected, how knowledge and skills will be evaluated, that progression through training is self-paced, and that there are opportunities for practice until mastery is achieved

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Chapter 4

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