Presented by
T.S.L.V.Ayyarao
Assistant Pofessor GMRIT
Delivery of Electrical Power To minimize the total power generation capacity and Fuel cost. To supply electricity to the loads at minimum cost with a required reliability. Transmission is an alternative to a new generation resource. Economic energy or reserve sharing is constrained by transmission capacity
Mechanical devices wear out quickly. In view point of both dynamic and steady state operation, the system is really uncontrolled. In recent years, power demand increases day by day. Increased demand and absence of long term planning leads to less security and reduced quality of supply.
To damp oscillations at various frequencies below rated frequency. Enable a line to carry power closer to its thermal rating. Mechanical switching replaced with power electronics
In ac system, the electrical generation and load must balance at all times. The electrical system is self-regulating. If generation is less than load, voltage and frequency drop. Active power flows from surplus generation areas to deficit areas.
A adjustable series capacitor controls the power flow Mechanically switched series capacitor is limited by wear and tear. A series capacitor in a line may lead to subsynchronous resonance. This occurs when mechanical resonance frequencies of the shaft of a multiple turbine generator unit coincides with 50hz minus the electrical frequency of the line.
Thermal
For overhead line, thermal capability is a function of ambient temperature, wind conditions, conditions of conductor, and ground clearance. The FACTS technology can help in making an effective used of newfound line capability.
Dielectric
Being designed very conservatively, most lines can increase operation voltage by 10% or even higher. FACTS technology could be used to ensure acceptable overvoltage and power flow conditions.
Stability
The stability issues that limit the transmission capability include: 1. Transient stability, dynamic stability, steady-state stability, frequency collapse. Voltage collapse, and sub-synchronous resonance. 2. The FACTS technology can certainly be used to overcome any of the stability limits.