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Watch the video carefully...

Pea

plant movie

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What about this picture???

allStagesButtons.gif

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This is we called as...

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What process or even occur which allow all of these happen????

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Cell divison
CHAPTER 5: Click to edit Master subtitle style NURUL AZUWIN BT

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Today we will learn about

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5.1 mitosis
The necessity for cell division in living organism What is chromosome? The significance of mitosis Click to edit Master subtitle style

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The necessity for cell division in living organism

All living organism consist of cell

Most of cell undergo cell division

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Cell Division- mitosis

cell into two daughter cell which genetically identical to parent cell

...splitting

Daughter cell Parent cell

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Why do cells divide?

_______ _______ _______

_______

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The cell divide for...

The

new cell formation allow: replacement of dead cell repair damaged tissue growth and development in unicellular

body

body

reproduction

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Stages of cell division

division
Cell division

division

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Stages of cell division (answer)

Mitosis

Nuclear
Cell division

division
cytoplasmic division

meiosis

cytokinesis

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Types of cells
Somatic

cell- all body cell (except reproductive cell) form trough mitosis cell- reproductive cell that formed trough meiosis

Gametic

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What is chromosomes

The nucleus of cell contain chromosomes Each chromosomes contain DNA molecules which carries genes (genetic material) Genes- determine the individual

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DN A

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Number of chromosomes
The

chromosomal number for certain species is constant and varied from one species to another.

Eg:

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human - 46 chromosomes Monkey- 48 chromosomes 78 chromosomes

Chicken-

Somatic cell has two set of chromosomes. One set is inherited from each parent.

Two set of chromosomes = diploid= 2n

Gametic cell has one set of chromosomes. One set of chromosome=_______=_____

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Ploidy refers to the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a cell

______ one copy of each chromosome

designated as n ______ two copies (= pair) of each chromosome designated as 2n

Diploid organisms receive one of each type of chromosome from female parent (maternal chromosomes) and one of each type of chromosome from male parent (paternal chromosomes)

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In

human (46 chromosomes in somatic cell) set consist of _____ chromosomes

Each

2set (2n-diploid): ___ chromosomes (somatic the nucleus of human somatic cell has cell) ______ chromosomes arranged in _____ 1set (n-haploid):___ chromosomes (gametic cell)

pairs or 2n = ______ chromosomes

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Trivia....
A

monkey sperm cell have 24 chromosomes, how many pairs of chromosomes does the cheek cells of the monkey have?

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Homologous chromosomes
Two

chromosomes in each pair have the same structural features and are referred as the homologous chromosomes.
Homolo gue

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One

form paternal origin whereas the other one is from maternal origin

Homologous Chromosomes

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Homologous vs Duplicated

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Significances of mitosis
Each

daughter formed through mitosis carries genetic material (DNA) inherited from the parent cell. genetic information is passed on to new cells during division to produce two identical nuclei.

This

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The important of mitosis

1.

growth- the number of cell within organism increases by mitosis. Basic grow in multi cellular organism

Growth in human

 2.

cell replacement- replacement damaged cells and tissue

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3.

Regeneration some animals are able to regenerate whole part of the body such as star fish, lizard tail

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4.

asexual reproduction mitosis is the basis of asexual reproduction individual of species by one parent

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That all for today...

Next

class ----cell cycle

Packing for the move

When cell is not dividing
DNA molecules in extended,

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uncondensed form = __________

Cell can only use DNA to produce

molecules when in extended state.

When cell is preparing for division

DNA molecules condense to form

______________ prior to division.

each chromosome is a single molecule of DNA easier to sort and organize DNA into daughter cells

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Structure of a eukaryotic chromosome

__________ chromosome

ar m

centro mere

ar m

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Prior to cell division:

chromosomes (DNA) are replicated (duplicated) duplicated chromosome attached at their centromeres as long as attached, known as _________ duplicat ______________ ed chromos ome

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sister chroma tids

daughter chromoso mes

Karyotype

Karyotype is the ______ ______ ___ _________ of a cell of any living organism. The chromosomes are arranged and displayed (often on a photo) in pairs, ordered by size. To the right is a typical karyotype of a human male.

ar m

centro

ar m

Karyotype

Haploid, Diplod, Homologous, Replicated, Duplicated, Chromatids, Chromosomes

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Duplicated/Replicated Chromosomes

Sister Chromatids

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Cell Cycle
2 major phases:

__________ (3 stages) DNA uncondensed

(= chromatin)

________ (4 stages + cytokinesis)

- Nuclear division & division of cytoplasm

DNA condensed (= chromosomes)

What do you understand about 6/26/12 development??? What happen to cell? What is cell division?

allStagesButtons.gif

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Cell cycle

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My idea

Before we continue, I want all of you to draw the cell in interphase phase base on you understanding

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Interphase
non-dividing state 3 sub-stages:
___ cell grows in size organelles replicated ___ replication of DNA synthesis of proteins associated with DNA ___ synthesis of proteins associated with mitosis

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My idea (2 minutes)
Base

on the cell given, draw the cell in each sub phase base on your understanding

Mitosis
4 subphases: 1st
Prophase 2nd Metaphase 3rd Anaphase 4th Telophase and Cytokinesis

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ACTIVITY: JIGSAW
1.

Teacher will count student from 1 until 5 then it will be repeating until all of student finish then all of you will sit in group and get the subtopic to be discuss from teacher. after finish discussion in group (10 min), you need to distribute

1.

1.

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PROPHASE
Chromosomes

in the nucleus condense and become tightly coiled. They appear shorter and thicker chromosomes consist of a pair of sister chromatids joined together at the centromere.

Each

Prophase: nucleus disappears centrioles migrate chromosome s appear

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METAPHASE
Begin

when centromere of all chromosomes are line up on the metaphase plate sister chromatids are attached the fibres by their centromere.
Sister chromatid Spindle s fibre centr iole centro mere

Two

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ANAPHASE
Two

sister cromatids of each chromosomes separate at the centromere chromatid are pulled apart to the opposite pole by the shortening of spindle fibre.

Sister

anap hase

TELOPHASE
Begin

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when 2 set of chromosomes reach the opposite pole of the cell. spindle fibre dissapear and a new cell membrane form around each set of chromosomes also form in each of nucleus start to uncoil (chromatin)

The

Nucleolus

Chromosomes

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APPLY YOUR IDEAS

Answer all the objective question (individually) I will call a number to write down the answer in front of class.

1.

1.

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Lets plaaaay

Gues s That Phase!

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Activities (20 MINUTES)

Made

model of MITOSIS using drawing paper, thread and plasticine in group of 5 chromosome number is 2n=2

The

Made

sure your model has the 4 phase of mitosis and show the daughter cell at the last.

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__________ _ 3 major events i) chromosomes condense ii) spindle fibers form iii) chromosomes are captured by spindle

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Mitotic Spindle Forms

spindle fibers are specialized microtubules

spindle fibers radiate out from centrioles, forming the aster

centrioles occur in pairs, and are duplicated during interphase

chrom atin

condensi nucle ng us nucleo chromoso mes lus

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centri oles

Prophase

chromosomes align along equator of the cell, with one kinetochore facing centrio each pole les chromoso mes spindle fibers

_________ _

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_________

sister chromatids separate spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and pull chromatids towards the poles.

free spindle fibers lengthen and push poles of cell apart

spindle fibers disintegrate nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes chromosomes revert to their extended state nucleoli reappear

__________ __

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cytokinesis occurs, enclosing each daughter nucleus into a separate cell

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Telophase

chromoso mes deconden sing pinching of cell membrane at equator nuclear envelope reforming nucleolus reappears

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cytokin esis

Late Telophase

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______________ Plant vs. Animal Cells

Plant cells undergo cytokinesis by forming a cell plate between the two daughter nuclei

Animal cells undergo cytokinesis through the formation of a cleavage furrow. A ring of microtubules contract, pinching the cell in half.

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DEMOs: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter11/animations.html# http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

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Exercise
Answer

objective question (1-10) individually

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Phases and Sub-phases of Cell Division

a. G1 b. S c. G2 a. Nuclear division b. Cytokinesi s 1. Prophas 2. e Metaphas 3. e Anaphase 4. Telopha se

1. Interphase

2. Mitosis

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