WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OF THESE CELL?

SHARE YOUR IDEA!!

Why this situation can happen??

5.1 MITOSIS
Cytokinesis Controlled

mitosis mitosis

Uncontrolled

DO YOU STILL REMEMBER THIS

Spindle forming Centrioles

PHASE

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

Centriole

Interphase Cytokinesis

Prophase

Spindle Centriole

Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Anaphase

Go to Section:

Spindle forming Centrioles

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

Centriole

Interphase Cytokinesis

Prophase

Spindle Centriole

Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Anaphase

Go to Section:

Spindle forming Centrioles

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

Centriole

Interphase Cytokinesis

Prophase

Spindle Centriole

Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Anaphase

Go to Section:

Spindle forming Centrioles

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

Centriole

Interphase Cytokinesis

Prophase

Spindle Centriole

Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Anaphase

Go to Section:

Spindle forming Centrioles

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

Centriole

Interphase Cytokinesis

Prophase

Spindle Centriole

Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Anaphase

Go to Section:

Spindle forming Centrioles

Nuclear envelope

Chromatin

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

Centriole

Interphase Cytokinesis

Prophase

Spindle Centriole

Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming

Individual chromosomes

Metaphase

Anaphase

Go to Section:

SHARE YOUR IDEA!!

You now that cell will divide into two daughter cell but how the cell will divide after the telophase????

HOW CELL DIVIDE?

1. 2. 3. 4.

Cytokinesis

ACTIVITY: JIGSAW
1.

Please sit in group of five or four Discuss in group the subtopic given in task sheet after finish discussion in group (10 min), you need to distribute into another group and explain about the subtopic you get until your friends understand(5 min)

2.

3.

CYTOKINESIS:
Cytoplasm of the cell and its organelles separate into 2 new daughter cells In animals, a groove called the cleavage furrow forms pinching the parent cell in two

In plants, a cell plate forms down the middle of the cell where the new cell wall will be

RESULTS OF MITOSIS
Two daughter nuclei Each with same chromosome number as parent cell Chromosomes in unduplicated form

WHAT CAN LIMIT CELL GROWTH?

Think about what can limit your growth Hmmm.think about an ant, a tennis ball, and a basketball Space

Surface/volume ratio

What could happen if cells continue to grow without any limits?

CANCER
Cancer

is one of the most common diseases in the developed world: 1 in 4 deaths are due to cancer 1 in 17 deaths are due to lung cancer Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women There are over 100 different forms of cancer

CANCER
The

division of normal cells is precisely controlled. New cells are only formed for growth or to replace dead ones. Cancerous cells divide repeatedly out of control even though they are not needed, they crowd out other normal cells and function abnormally. They can also destroy the correct functioning of major organs.

DNA MUTATIONS DISRUPT THE CELL CYCLE.

Mutations may be caused by: 1. radiation 2. smoking 3. Pollutants 4. chemicals 5. viruses

WHAT CAN CAUSE CANCER?

a chemical in the coal dust caused damage to genes that regulate the cell cycle.

Pott was probably the first person to associate a specific type of cancer (scrotal cancer) with a specific occupation (chimney sweeping).

Pott believed the problem was the coal soot that caught in the skin folds of the scrotum. In 1918, coal tar was shown to cause skin cancer in rabbits, and in 1924 the causative agent was identified as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, especially benzo (a) pyrene.

X-RAYS DAMAGES GENES THAT REGULATE THE CELL CYCLE.

Ionizing radiation is a well-known human carcinogen. The first reports of association between X-rays and cancer appear in the literature in the early 1900s.

cancer developed among painters of luminescent dials in watch factories in the 1930s
and radiation from nuclear tests and cancer (for example, children in the Marshall Islands exposed to radioactive iodine released from a nuclear test displayed a significant increase in thyroid cancer).

EXPOSURE TO UV LIGHT DAMAGES GENES THAT REGULATE THE CELL CYCLE.

The relationship between sun exposure and skin cancer has been clarified greatly across the past century. In the late 1800s, observers noticed that sailors exposed to the sun developed a variety of abnormal lesions called "sailor's skin," and in the early 1900s, an increased risk of skin cancer was observed among farmers.

By 1928, researchers had demonstrated the carcinogenic effect of UV radiation on the skin of laboratory animals. Today, scientists recognize excessive exposure to UV radiation (whether from the sun or other sources) as a key risk factor for skin cancer.

WHILE NORMAL CELLS WILL STOP DIVIDING IF THERE IS A MUTATION IN THE DNA, CANCER CELLS WILL CONTINUE TO DIVIDE WITH MUTATION.

TUMOURS
Abnormalities can sometimes occur in cells which reproduce at a rapid rate, this in turn may lead to the formation of tumours. Tumours of any type should be considered serious. Although benign tumours do not usually cause a threat to a persons life, they can cause great inconvenience if not treated.

APPLYING YOUR IDEA

Individually, answer all this question. Submit the answer at the end of the class.

CYTOKINESIS? (10 MINUTES)

Answer How cytokinesis occurs in animal cells? How cytokinesis occurs in plant cells? Answer How many new cells formed? The new cells called

as? Size of new cells to each other? Size of new cells & parent cell? Daughter cells & parent cell genetically identical or different? Give reason to your answer.

CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED MITOSIS (15 MINUTES)

what is defined as controlled mitosis?

Why the rate and timing of cell division important? a._______________________ b_______________________ c_______________________ What cell continue divide throughout our life? What cell do not divide at once they mature

Answer what is defined as uncontrolled mitosis? What factor can cause uncontrolled mitosis? Answer What is tumour? What is benign tumour? Do benign tumour is dangerous? What is malignant tumour? Can cancer cell spreads through our body? If yes, how the cancer cell spreads?

NEXT CLASS

Cloning and tissue culture

AIM: WHAT IS CLONING?

WHAT IS A CLONE?

Clone refers to genetically identical cells originating from one cell. What are they talking about when they refer to cloned animals?

They take DNA from a cloned cell of another animal, and insert it into a zygote that had its DNA removed, and replace it with the cloned DNA.

WHAT CLONING LOOKS

LIKE ON A CELLULAR LEVEL

WHO DID THEY CLONE?

In 1997, they successfully cloned the first animal- a lamb named Dolly. The nucleus they used was from an adult of the same species. Since then, they have successfully cloned sheep and pigs.