BY:- SNEHAMOY DHAR M.Tech -Power Electronics & Drives 1st Semester, Regn.

:-1611110003

Electronic Switches High-Intensity Discharge Lamps Power Supply For Electrically-Heated Catalyst Low Loss Ignition System Electromagnetic Valve Actuators Electronically-Controlled Transmission Electric Air Conditioner Motor Speed Control Electric & Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering Systems

These switches are low-loss, high-current switches. Electronic Switching of loads provides a significant advantage in styling, convenience, reliability & reduction of EMI. Electronic switching allows switches to be controlled directly by a microprocessor for load management & multiplexing. They are more cost-effective than mechanical switches.

It has higher efficiency in terms of more lumens per watt, higher reliability , longer life , greater styling flexibility & greater safety. Compared to a halogen headlight , they require power converters. A step-up dc-dc converter is used to step-up the voltage Boost & Flyback converters are some examples.

More desirable than hydraulic & pneumatic actuators Application of electromagnetic actuators is in engine valve actuation. The present cam system provides a valve profile which can give optimum engine performance & improved fuel economy only under certain conditions.

Another application of electromagnetic valve actuators is in electronically-controlled automatic transmissions. Employment of electromagnetic actuators helps in reducing losses in the torque converter & control the clutch pressure during the shifts.

Leads to improved fuel economy & precise control.

Normal air conditioners are engine-driven , while electric air-conditioners are driven by 3-phase brushless dc motor driven by a 3phase MOSFET bridge. In EPS system, brushless dc motor is used to provide steering assistance. In EHPS system, a brushless dc motor is used to drive the hydraulic steering pump. Leads to savings upto 80% energy.

Batteries Electrical Machines

Power Electronic Circuits For Electrical Machines

1. Alternators 2. Synchronous Machine with a Cylindrical Wound Rotor 3.Induction Machine 4.Switched Reluctance Machine 5.Synchronous Reluctance Machine 6.Permanent-Magnet & Hybrid Synchronous Machines 7.Axial-Aairgap Machines

If the output voltage of a machine can be controlled by controlling its machine excitation, then a diode bridge can be used to rectify the ac output voltage of the machine. In other cases an active bridge has to be employed. An active bridge controls the voltage applied to the battery pack by controlling the duty-ratios of the switches. Since there is no impedance between the machine & the battery pack to limit the current, & machine voltage doesnt match with the battery pack under all conditions, power flow from the machine to the pack is associated with highamplitude pulsed current, leading to high losses, high voltage ripple & high levels of EMI. A filter can be used but it would be large, as the frequency generated by the machine is low.

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Power electronics is a key technology having a significant impact on automotive systems. The application of power electronics is not only leading to improvements in the performance of existing systems , but also enabling the development of new systems with new features. Power electronics is hence playing a leading role in designing systems which meets the demand of increased electrical power , efficiency & reduced fuel emissions.

Power Electronics in Automotive Systems by IFTIKHAR A. KHAN, Senior member, IEEE. Automotive Power Electronics-opportunities & challenges-Xingyi Xu,IEEE J.L.Oldenkamp & D.M.Erdman, Automotive Electrically Driven Air Conditioner System, Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Automotive Power Electronics, 1989. I.A.Khan, Battery Chargers For Electric & Hybrid Vehicles, Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on power electronics in transportation, 1994. J.V.Hellman & R.J.Sandel, Dual/High Voltage Vehicle Electrical Systems, SAE paper. I.A.Khan, DC-to-DC Converters for Electric & Hybrid Vehicles , Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Power Electronics in Transportation, 1994. Internet.