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Chapter 4

Common Mesh Controls

ANSYS Meshing Application Introduction

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Common Mesh Controls

Overview
Meshing Procedure Physics Based Settings Global Mesh Controls
Relevance and Relevance Center Element Size Initial Size Seed Smoothing and Transition Span Angle Center Advanced Sizing Function Edge, Face, and Body Sizings Sphere and Body of Influence Contact Sizing Mapped Face Meshing Match Control Refinement Pinch Controls

Training Manual

Local Mesh Controls

Inflation Workshop 4.1 Global and Local Mesh Controls Workshop 4.2 Mapped Face Meshing for a Swept Mesh
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Common Mesh Controls

Meshing Procedure

Training Manual

1. Set target physics (structural, CFD, etc.). This will be automatically set if you generate the mesh as part of a physics based system (i.e. FLUENT, CFX, or Mechanical) 2. Set meshing methods 3. Specify mesh settings (sizings, controls, inflation, etc.) 4. Create named selections for convenience 5. Preview mesh and adjust settings if necessary 6. Generate mesh 7. Check mesh quality 8. Prepare mesh for analysis

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Common Mesh Controls

Physics Based Settings Different types of analyses have different meshing requirements
Structural coarser mesh with higher order elements CFD finer, smoothly varying mesh, boundary layer resolution
Different CFD solvers have different requirements as well

Training Manual

Explicit Dynamics uniformly size mesh desired

Possible to set common defaults by setting the Physics Preference


Physics Preference Option
Mechanical CFD Electromagnetic Explicit
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Sets the following automatically ...


Solid Element Relevance Midside Nodes Center Default Default Kept Dropped Kept Dropped Coarse Coarse Medium Coarse
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smoothing transition

Medium Medium Medium High

Fast Slow Fast Slow


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Common Mesh Controls

Physics Based Settings


Mechanical CFD

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Mesh for Default Mechanical Settings

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Mesh for Default CFD Settings

Training Manual

Acts on Edges and Faces

Acts on Volume Acts on All

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Common Mesh Controls

No Advanced Size Function

Training Manual

Acts on Edges

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Common Mesh Controls

Span Center Coarse

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Fast Transition

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Effect of Keeping Midside Nodes

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Effect of Shape Checking

Training Manual

Mesh node and element count identical to default Mechanical Mesh


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Common Mesh Controls

Mesh Quality
Mechanical Settings CFD Settings

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Mesh Sizing Strategy; Mechanical


Seek efficient approach to resolve critical features with minimal input from user Define or accept defaults for a few global mesh sizing settings

Training Manual

Make global adjustments with Relevance and Relevance Center As needed, define sizing for bodies, faces, edges, sphere of influence to exert more control over how sizes are set as the mesh is generated

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Common Mesh Controls

Mesh Sizing Strategy: CFD


Rely on Advanced Size Functions to refine the mesh where required
Curvature (default on) Proximity

Training Manual

Identify the smallest feature in the model


Set the min-size such that this feature is sufficiently resolved If that will lead to an over-refined mesh
Scope a Hard size on this feature below min size

Use pinch control to remove small edges and faces


Ensure that the pinch tolerance is always smaller than the local min size

As needed, define soft sizing's using bodies, faces, edges or body of influence to exert more control over how sizes are set as the mesh is generated

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Common Mesh Controls

Relevance and Relevance Center


A slider bar to refine or coarsen the mesh

Training Manual

Coarse

Medium

Fine

-100 0

-100 0 100

-100 0 100

Relevance

100

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Common Mesh Controls

Global Element Size


Element Size sets the element size used for the entire model. This size will be used for all edge, face, and body meshing. This option does not appear when the Advanced Size function is used
Default value based on Relevance and Initial Size Seed Desired value can be entered

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Initial Size Seed


Initial Size Seed
Controls the initial mesh seeding for each part. This is ignored if an element size is specified Active Assembly: bases the initial seeding on the diagonal of the bounding box that encloses only parts that are unsuppressed. The mesh could change as parts are suppressed and unsuppressed Full Assembly: bases the initial seeding on the diagonal of the bounding box that encloses all assembly parts regardless of the number of suppressed parts. As a result, the mesh never changes due to part suppression Part: bases the initial seeding on the diagonal of the bounding box that encloses each particular individual part as it is meshed. The mesh never changes due to part suppression.
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Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Smoothing and Transition


Smoothing (Advanced Size Function is off)
Mesh Smoothing attempts to improve element quality by moving locations of nodes with respect to surrounding nodes and elements. The following options control the number of smoothing iterations along with the threshold metric where the mesher will start smoothing.
Medium (Mechanical) Medium (CFD, Emag) High (Explicit )

Training Manual

Transition (Advanced Size Function is off)


Transition controls the rate at which adjacent elements will grow
Slow (CFD, Explicit) produces a smooth transition Fast (Mechanical, Emag) produces a more abrupt transition
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Common Mesh Controls

Span Center Angle


Span Angle Center sets the goal for curvature based refinement for edges. The mesh will subdivide in curved regions until the individual elements span this angle. The following choices are available:
Coarse 91 to 60 Medium 75 to 24 Fine 36 to 12 Only used if Advanced Size Function is off

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Span Angle Center

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Advanced Size Function


Without the advanced size function, edges are meshed according to the specified element size, refined for curvature and proximity, adjusted for defeaturing or pinch controls, and then passed to the face and volume meshers

Training Manual

Standard Size Function

Advanced Size Function

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Common Mesh Controls

Advanced Size Function Options and defaults: Proximity & Curvature Curvature (default)
Default 18 degrees

Training Manual

Proximity
Default 3 cells per Gap (2D and 3D) Default accuracy; 0.5
Increase to 1 if proximity is not honored

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Common Mesh Controls

Advanced Size Function


With curvature

Training Manual

With curvature and proximity (5 cells in gap)

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Common Mesh Controls

Advanced Size Function: Curvature

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Advanced Size Function: Fixed

Training Manual

Local mesh sizes must be set via mesh controls as no localized refinement due to curvature or proximity will occur

Gradation between the sizes will occur according to the specified growth rate

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Common Mesh Controls

Local Mesh Controls

Training Manual

Below is the list of local controls available (availability depends on the mesh method used)
Sizing Contact Sizing Refinement Mapped Face Meshing Match Control Pinch Inflation

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Common Mesh Controls

Local Sizing
Local Sizing:
Element Size specifies average element edge length on bodies, faces, edges, or vertices Number of Divisions specifies number of elements on edge(s) Sphere of Influence elements within the sphere have a given average element size Available options above depend on which entities are scoped: Options will be different if Advanced Size Function is used

Training Manual

Entity Bodies Faces Edges Vertices


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Element Size x x x

# of Elem. Division

Sphere of Influence x x x x
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Common Mesh Controls

Face Sizing
Local Sizing:
Element Size specifies average element edge length on face(s) Sphere of Influence elements within the sphere have a given average element size For anything other than a vertex, a sphere of influence requires that a Coordinate Syetem be defined

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Face Sizing Element Size

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Sphere Of Influence Coordinate System

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Face Sizing Sphere of Influence

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Face Sizing: Effect of Scope


Face Sizing (sphere of influence)
Sphere of Influence face sizing (shown in red) has been defined. Elements lying in that sphere for that scoped entity will have a given average element size. A general Sphere of Influence (Point Sizing) would control the mesh on all faces that it touched

Training Manual

Scoped to single surface

Scoped to 3 surfaces

Multiple entities could


be selected
All scoped entities within sphere are affected by size settings
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Common Mesh Controls

Face Sizing with Advanced Size Function

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Scoped Sizes with Size Function


On meshed entity Edge, Face, Body
Hard
Size is Constant Biasing (edge) This can be used to assign a size smaller than the min size

Training Manual

Soft
Size is Max Local Curvature angle Local Growth rate (value has to be smaller than Global)

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Common Mesh Controls

Edge Sizing
Edge Sizing (bias)
An edge may be discretized with a bias towards one end, both ends, or the center Consider: A swept mesh is used with the source face as shown Edge sizings are specified for the two pairs of edges on the source face. The edge sizings are biased so as to give a finer mesh near the edges

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Vertex Sizing
Vertex Sizing
Sizing can also be defined for Vertices A Vertex Sizing is a Sphere of Influence where the center of the sphere is defined by a model vertex. The sizing will be defined for all entities over the entire sphere

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Body of Influence with Size Function Body of Influence


Body of influence (BOI) is only active when the Advanced Size Function is on The BOI can be any CAD Line, Face or Solid Body The BOI is not meshed, it just acts as a source of constant size To implement:
Pick Geometry Pick Bodies of Influence Assign parameters
Element size Local growth rate

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Contact Sizing
Contact Sizing
provides a way of generating similar-sized elements on contact faces between parts (meshes will be of similar size but will not be conformal) An Element Size or Relevance can be specified for a given contact region

Training Manual

In this example, the contact region between the two parts has a Contact Sizing specified (by Element Size). Note that the mesh is now consistent at the contact region.

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Common Mesh Controls

Refinement
Refinement
Element refinement divides existing mesh Valid for faces, edges, and vertices Not available for Patch Independent Tetrahedrons or CFX-Mesh An initial mesh is created with global and local size controls first, then element refinement is performed at the specified location(s). Refinement level can vary from 1 (minimal) to 3 (maximum). A refinement level of 1 breaks up the edges of the elements in the initial mesh in half. Not recommended for CFD as cannot be used with inflation

Training Manual

For example shown, the left side has refinement level of 1 whereas the right side is left untouched with default mesh settings.

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Common Mesh Controls

Mapped Face Meshing


Mapped Face Meshing
allows for the generation of structured meshes on surfaces: In example below, mapped face meshing on the internal cylindrical face provides a more uniform mesh pattern.

Training Manual

If surface cannot be mapped mesh for any reason, meshing will continue and this will be shown in Outline Tree with the icon
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Common Mesh Controls

Mapped Face Meshing


Mapped Face Meshing
If the face selected for a Mapped Face Meshing is defined by two loops, then the Radial Number of Divisions field is activated. This specifies the number of divisions across the annular region when sweeping. This is useful for putting in a number of layers across a thin annulus

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Match Control
Match Control
Matches mesh pattern on periodic faces to facilitate cyclic symmetry analyses typical of rotating machinery
Cut Boundaries

Training Manual

Matched Faces

Full Model

Cyclic Symmetry Model

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Common Mesh Controls

Creating a Match Control


Match Control (Procedure):
Insert Match Face Meshing control under Mesh branch Identify faces of symmetry boundary Identify the coordinate system (Z axis is rotation axis)

Training Manual

Rotation CS

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Common Mesh Controls

Match Control and Advanced Size Function

Scoped Size can be added on either side with identical results

Training Manual

Scoped Advanced Size function information is also matched Periodic Matching only needs one coordinate system Periodic matching can handle common edges, multiple faces and inflation layers

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Common Mesh Controls

Pinch Controls
When pinch controls are defined, defeaturing occurs when the mesh is generated. The Pinch feature works on vertices and edges only; faces and bodies cannot be pinched. The Pinch feature is supported for the following mesh methods:
Patch Conforming Tetrahedrons Thin Solid Sweeps Hex Dominant meshing Quad Dominant Surface Meshing All Triangles Surface meshing
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Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Automatic Pinch Control

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Automatic Pinch Generation

Training Manual

With automatic pinch generation user can pinch features under a defined size to remove features leading to bad quality elements Note that the pinch tolerance should be smaller than the local min size

Can be used in CFD for removals of


Slivers Short edges Sharp angles
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Common Mesh Controls

Inflation Options
Use Automatic Inflation
Program Controlled
All faces not part of Named selections No internal faces between shared bodies

Training Manual

Inflation options
Smooth Transition (default for 2D and Tet meshing First Layer Thickness Total Thickness (Default for others)

Inflation Algorithm
Pre (TGrid)
for Tri/Patch conforming Tet/Sweep

Post (ICEM CFD)


for Patch non-conforming Tetra

Collision Avoidance
Compression (default for Fluent) Stair-Step (default for CFX)

Additional detail on settings in Chapter 5


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Common Mesh Controls

Inflation for Tetrahedrons and MultiZone


Inflation
When the Mesh Method is set to Tetrahedrons or MultiZone, inflation layers are scoped to a body or bodies by selecting the faces from which inflation is desired

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Inflation for Swept Mesh


For a swept mesh, inflation is applied by selecting the edges from which inflation is desired on the source face

Training Manual

The Src/Trg Selection on the should therefore be set to either Manual Source or Manual Source and Target
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Common Mesh Controls

Generating a Mesh
Generate Mesh
Generates the entire volume mesh

Training Manual

Preview Surface Mesh


For most methods (but not the Tetrahedral Patch Independent method), this option is significantly faster. As such, it is often useful to preview the surface mesh first. If Generate Mesh fails because element quality parameters could not be met, Preview Surface Mesh is useful
It allows you to see the surface mesh, so you can see where it need improving

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Common Mesh Controls

Section Planes

Training Manual

In the Meshing Application, section planes can display internal mesh Find the New section plane button on toolbar Can display
Elements either side of plane Cut or whole elements Elements on the plane

Multiple planes can be used

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Common Mesh Controls

Section Planes
Exterior mesh

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Section Planes
Create section plane, display one side

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Section Planes
Switch side of section plane displayed

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Section Planes
Display whole elements

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Named Selections
Named Selections allow users to group together vertices, edges, surfaces, or bodies together
Named Selections can be used for defining mesh controls, applying loads and supports in a structural analysis,etc. Named selections will appear as named regions when the mesh is imported into CFX-Pre or Fluent Provides an easy method to reselect groups that will be referenced often when defining contact regions, boundary conditions, etc. Can be used to facilitate program controlled inflation Note:
Only one type of entity can be in a particular Named Selection. For example, vertices and edges cannot exist in the same Named Selection. Named Selection groups can be imported from DesignModeler and from some CAD systems
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Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Named Selections

Training Manual

The visibility of Named Selections can be toggled on and off to either hide or display geometry or mesh

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Workshop 4.1
Effect of Global and Local Controls on Mesh Size and Quality

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Common Mesh Controls

Goals
This workshop will illustrate the use and effect of global and local mesh sizing controls including use of the Curvature and Proximity features in the Advanced Size function The geometry has both thinwalled regions and regions of high local curvature

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Specifying Geometry
1. Copy the tee.agdb file from the files folder to your working directory
2. Start Workbench and double-click the Mesh entry in the Component Systems panel at the right 3. Right-click on Geometry in the Mesh entry in the Project Schematic and select Import Geometry/Browse 4. Browse to the tee.agdb file you copied and click Open 5. Note that the Geometry entry in the Project Schematic now has a green check mark indicating that geometry has been specified
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Training Manual

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Meshing Options
7. Right-click on Mesh and click Edit to open the Ansys Meshing 8. On the Meshing Options Panel at the right, set the Physics Preference to Mechanical and the Mesh Method to Patch Conforming Tetrahedrons and click OK. 9. Look in the Mesh Outline and verify that the Patch Conforming Method has been assigned to the single body in the geometry

Training Manual

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Default Mechanical Mesh


10. Left click on Mesh expand the Sizing and Statistics Entries. Select Skewness as the Mesh Metric. Right click on Mesh and Generate the Mesh. Note the coarseness of the mesh and the statistics.

Training Manual

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CFD Mesh
11. Change the Physics Preference to CFD and the Solver Preference to Fluent. Verify that the Advanced Size Option is set to Curvature 12. Right-click on Mesh and generate the mesh. Notice the much finer mesh and the improvement in the mesh metric.

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Section Plane
13. Orient the Model view so that it is edge on as shown. Click on the new section plane icon

Training Manual

14. Draw a section plane that splits the model down the middle. Orient the view so that it is parallel to the axis of the tee. Click on the Show Whole Elements icon. Note that there is only one element through the thickness of the thin regions

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Common Mesh Controls

Adding Proximity Sensing


15. Click in the Use Advanced Size Function and change the setting to On: Proximity and Curvature. This will add proximity sensing to the meshing algorithm. 16. Leave the view as is with the Section Plane active. Generate the mesh again (this will take some time). Note that there are now multiple elements across the thickness and the large increase in mesh count.

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Increasing the Minimum Size


17. Click in the Minimum Size box in the Mesh Settings and enter 0.005 for the Min Size.

Training Manual

18. Regenerate the mesh Note that there are still multiple elements across the thickness but the mesh count is considerable smaller.

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Using a Face Sizing


19. Set the Advanced Size Function back to Curvature and toggle off the section plane

Training Manual

20. Right-click on the mesh entry in the Outline and insert a Sizing. Pick the outer cylindrical face as shown and click Apply.

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Face Sizing
21. Set the element size to 0.005 [m]. Regenerate the mesh. Notice that the mesh on the selected face is finer than the mesh on adjacent faces.

Training Manual

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Face Sizing

Training Manual

22. Toggle the Section Plane back on and orient the view so that it is parallel to the axis of the tee. Note that there are only multiple elements through the thin sections where the face sizing is active

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Common Mesh Controls

Coodinate System for Sphere of Influence


23. Right click on Coordinate Systems and insert a Coordinate System. Set the Define By option to Global Coordinates and enter [0 [m], 0.1 [m], and 0.08 [m]) as the Origin X, Y, and Z. With the Section Plane toggled off, the coordinate system should appear as shown below.

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Body Sizing (Sphere of Influence)


24. Suppress the Face Sizing via a right-click. 25. Right click on Mesh and insert a Sizing. Pick the Body and set the Type to Sphere of Influence. Click in the Sphere Center entry box and select the Coordinate system you created.

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Body Sizing
26. Set the Sphere Radius to 0.01 [m] and the Element Size to 0.005 [m]. The model display will update to preview the extent of the Sphere of Influence.

Training Manual

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Body Sizing
27. Regenerate the mesh with the Section Plane toggled off. Note the limited extent of the Sphere of Influence.

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Body Sizing

Training Manual

28. Toggle the Section Plane back on and rotate the view so that it is parallel to the axis. Note there are only multiple elements through the thin regions near the Sphere of Influence.

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Workshop 4.2
Mapped Face Meshing and Edge Sizings for a Swept Mesh for a Thin Annulus

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Common Mesh Controls

Goals
This workshop will illustrate the use and effect of a Mapped Face Meshing control for a Swept Mesh to enforce a radial number of divisions across the width of a thin annulus An Edge Sizing is also set for edges on the Source and Target faces to help generate a high quality mesh

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Specifying Geometry
1. Copy the elbow.agdb file from the files folder to your working directory
2. Start Workbench and double-click the Mesh entry in the Component Systems panel on the left 3. Right-click on Geometry in the Mesh entry in the Project Schematic and select Import Geometry/Browse 4. Browse to the elbow.agdb file you copied and click Open 5. Note that the Geometry entry in the Project Schematic now has a green check mark indicating that geometry has been specified
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Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Insert Sweep Mesh


7. Close the Meshing Options Panel at the right without setting anything. 8. Right-click on Mesh and insert a Method. Select the body and set the method to Sweep. 9. Set the Src/Trg selection to Manual Source and select the face shown as the Source.

Training Manual

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Initial Mesh
10. In the Mesh settings, set the Physics to CFD and the Solver Preference to Fluent. Expand the Sizing and Statistics entries 11. Set the Mesh Metric to Skewness and generate the mesh

Training Manual

12. Note that there is only one element across most of the annular thickness and the skewness is relatively high
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Common Mesh Controls

Mapped Face Meshing


13. Since the source face has an inner and outer loop, adding a mapped Face Meshing will allow you to specify the radial number of divisions

Training Manual

14. Right-click on Mesh and insert a Mapped Face Meshing. Pick the source face for the sweep and set the Radial Number of Divisions to 3.

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Common Mesh Controls

Effect of Mapped Face Meshing


15. Generate the mesh. Note that there are now 3 elements across the thickness of the annulus but there is some twist to the mesh as it sweeps from the source to the target. The skewness is also still rather high for such a simple geometry. 16. Right click on Mesh and Insert a Sizing. You will define a consistent edge sizing for the 4 edges on the source and target faces to help improve the quality

Training Manual

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Common Mesh Controls

Edge Sizing
17. Pick the four edges which bound the source and target faces and apply the election to the Geometry entry box 18. Set the Type to Number of Divisions and set the number to 20. The Model Display should update to reflect the settings

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Common Mesh Controls

Final Mesh

Training Manual

17. Regenerate the mesh. Note the improvement in the mesh quality metrics.

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