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OPERATIONAL
REPORT by

AMPLIFIER
A PROJECT submitted

DIVYAMANI KUMAR
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
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in

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Perseverance, inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the success of any venture. A successful and satisfactory completion of any project is the outcome of the invaluable aggregate contribution of different personal fully in radical direction, explicitly or implicitly.

Whereas vast, varied and valuable reading efforts leads to substantial acquisition of knowledge via books and allied information sources, true expertise excludes from collateral practical works and experiences.

Words have never seemed as inadequate as now, when I am endeavoring to express my heartfelt gratitude at the culmination of the project, to all those who made it possible. Even the best effort is waste without proper guidance and advice. I highly solicit to prof. ZEESHAN HAIDER at Sharda university, gr. Noida. 7/2/12

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER submitted for the B.Tech Degree is my original work . Signature of the Student: Place: Date:

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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER is the bonafide work carried out by DIVYAMANI KUMAR student of B.TECH , SHARDA UNIVERSITY, Gr. Noida , during the year 3rd, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Electronics and communication .

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of the Guide :

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. PAGE NO. TITLE

Title Page i Declaration of the Student ii Certificate of the Guide iii

1.

The amplifier 1

1.

operational amplifier 2 2.1 Basic op-amp

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1.AMPLIFIER
* Amplifier is a device for increasing the voltage, current and power of a signal. * An amplifier that amplifies the voltage signals is a voltage amplifier. * An amplifier that amplifies the current signals is a current amplifier. *An amplifier that amplifies the voltage & current signals is a power amplifier
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2. OPERATIONAL -AMPLIFIER
.The operational amplifier or op-amp is a circuit of components integrated into one chip.

. A typical op-amp is powered by two dc voltages and has an inverting(-) and a non-inverting input (+) and an output.

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2.1

Basic op-amp

Op-amp has two inputs that connect to two terminals and one output
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2.2

Operational amplifiers
Five important pins 2 The inverting input 3 The non-inverting input 6 The output 4 The negative power supply V- (Vcc) 7 The positive power supply V+ (+Vcc)

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2.3

Basic pin diagram

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2.4

THE IDEAL OP-AMP

.Infinite voltage gain. .Infinite input resistance. .zero output resistance. .zero output voltage when input voltage is zero. .Infinite bandwidth so that any frequency signal from 0 to Hz can be amplified without attenuation.

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222222The
Inverting i(-)

Operational Amplifier
+VS

vid Noninverting

Ri

RO A Output vO = Advid

i(+)

+ -VS

The out put of op-amp v=AdVid. Ad=open loop voltage gain. Vid=input voltage from inverting to noninverting.

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.i(+), i(-) : Currents into the amplifier on the inverting and non-inverting lines respectively +VS , -VS : DC source voltages. Ri : The input resistance, ideally infinity A : The gain of the amplifier. Ideally very high, in the 1x1010 range. RO: The output resistance
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3.

Configuration of opamps.

Basically thee type of configuration of op-amp. The Inverting amplifier. The non-inverting amplifier. The difference amplifier.

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3.1

Inverting amplifier

Input signal vs is applied to the inverting input terminal through R1 and non-inverting input of opamp is grounded . Rf is a feedback resistance.

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3.2

Non inverting amplifier

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3.3

Difference amplifier

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4.

USE OF OP-AMP

Op-amp can be use to perform mathematical operation on voltage signal such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, integration differentiation by a constant.

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Reference

Micro electronic circuit by sedra & smith. linear integrated circuit by D. Roy Choudhary. internet .

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