Chapter 11 - Motion

11.1 Distance and Displacement

Frame of reference system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another
Needed to describe motion accurately and completely

 Relative motion movement in relation to a frame of reference

 Distance length of a path between two points (measured in meters) Displacement the direction from the starting pt. and the length of a straight line from the starting pt. to the ending pt.

Combining Displacements
Vector a quantity that has magnitude and direction
Displacement is a vector. Arrows used to represent vectors.
Length of arrow shows magnitude

 When two displacements have the same direction, magnitudes are added. If the two displacements are in opposite directions, magnitudes are subtracted.

 Resultant vector sum of two or more vectors

Section 1 Assessment Activities

Quick Lab: Comparing Distance and Displacement p. 330 Section Assessment Question 1-8 and Writing in Science p. 331 CBL Lab: Graphing Your Motion

11.2 Speed and Velocity

Speed ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time it moves
Speed = distance/time

Average speed = total distance/total time Instantaneous speed = measured at a particular instant

Graphing Speed
Distance-time graph
Slope of a d-t graph shows speed Steeper line = faster speed Straight line shows constant speed

 Velocity is speed in a given direction.

Velocity is a vector Calculated the same way as speed.
V=d/t

Velocities can be combined.

Section 2 Assessment Activities

Math Practice 1-2 p. 333 Section Assessment Question 1-9 p. 337 CBL Lab: Velocity CBL Lab: Falling Objects

11.3 Acceleration
Acceleration the rate at which velocity changes
Can be change in speed OR direction
Acceleration is speeding up, slowing down, starting, stopping, or changing direction.

Acceleration is a vector. Accel. = final velocity initial velocity/time

a = Vf Vi / t

 Free fall movement of an object toward Earth because of gravity

Objects in free fall accelerate Acceleration due to gravity near earths surface is a constant, g = 9.8 m/s2

t=0s v = 0 m/s t=1s v = 9.8 m/s

t=2s v = 19.6 m/s

t=3s v = 29.4 m/s

 Constant Acceleration steady change in velocity Graphs of Accelerated Motion Speed-time graph
Slope shows acceleration Straight line shows constant acceleration Steeper slope shows greater increase or decrease per unit time

 Increase in speed is positive acceleration.

 Decrease in speed is negative acceleration.

 Increasing slope on a d-t graph means speed is increasing.

Instantaneous Acceleration how fast velocity is changing at a specific instant

Section 3 Assessment
Math Lab 1-4 p. 346 Section Assessment 1-11 p. 348 Lab: Investigating the Velocity of a Sinking Marble p. 349