BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY (REVIEW)

Chapter Objectives

Establish key fundamental concepts and terms when speaking of Tourism in general, (to apply on all programs): - definition of tourism - tourism system

- types of tourists and tourist activities - tourist motivation

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TOURISM

(Mathieson and Wall, 1982)

The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during the stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater for their needs.

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TOURISM

(WTO, 1991)

The activities of a person travelling outside his or her usual environment for less than a specified period of time whose main purpose of travel is other than for exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited.

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TOURISM

comprises of activities of a persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. (official UNWTO definition).

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The central idea is

Movement Non-permanent stay Activities and experiences during the travel and stay Resources and facilities required Impacts resulting from the travel and stay
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Elements of Tourism System (Leiper, who are leaving and 1995): The tourists or travellers
returning to their region of origin, The travel and tourism industry, and The geographic regions which are composed of the:
Travel-generating Transit 7/5/12

region

region

Destination

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Models of Tourism Travel

A journey between home and the destination and back.

Home

Destination

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The whole period of absence is spent at the place of destination or in its immediate vicinity. An example of this type is a package holiday at a tourist destination or a single trip to a cottage over the weekend.

Models of Tourism Travel

A journey from home to destination which is used as starting point for day-trips.

Hom e

Destinatio n

This model has the same basic pattern as simple model of a journey but with an additional travel pattern at the destination, i.e., package holiday by air to a 7/5/12 destination from where the tourists make trips by bus, car, or cycle.

Models of Tourism Travel

A journey from home to destination which is used as a base for the visit.

Hom e

Destinatio n

This base is the location for much of the visit but the tourist also makes a round trip, i.e., package holiday where the traveler flies to a destination and uses it as a starting point for a round trip by bus/car, returning to the initial destination by 7/5/12

Profiling:

The TOURISTS and EXCURSIONISTS

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Market Segments
Short-haul sightseeing and shopping Long-haul mass comfort Long-haul backpacker Long-haul niche beach domes tic Short-haul ecotourism Short-haul beach lover Short-haul recreation MIC E Balikbayan segments

M a r k e t S e g m e n

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Products
Short-haul sightseeing and shopping Long-haul mass comfort Long-haul backpacker Long-haul niche beach domestic Short-haul ecotourism Short-haul beach lover Short-haul recreation MICE
4-5 day well organized packaged tours for sightseeing and shopper segment 10-day well organized packaged tours based for long-haul mass comfort segment Multiple destinations with cheap access and destination for backpackers Wow Level beach and accommodation for long-haul niche beach Affordable packages for domestic market Good beaches with direct access, activities, and accommodation for short-haul beach lover Wow-level beach and accommodation for long-haul niche segment Sports-adventure for short-haul recreation segment World class convention and exhibit facilities for MICE Affordable packages for Balikbayan

M a r k e t P r o d u c

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Balikbayan segments

Tourism Sites

Tourism sites are the specific places which tourists come to see and experience. It may be a natural attraction, cultural attraction, or man-made attraction. This may be grouped together for marketing purposes either because of their geographical proximity or similarity.

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Type of attractions: Natural

Based on features of the natural environment, such as:

Climate Scenic beauty Beaches/marine areas Flora/fauna Special environmental features Parks/conservation

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Artificially created, such as:

Types of attractions: Cultural and/or Manmade

Festivals Theme/amusement parks Shopping Meeting, conferences and conventions Special events

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Tourist Service Centers

Parks, zoos and other nature centers Tourist information centers Cultural complex including museums, Shopping/personal services theaters, cinemas, etc. Banks/foreign exchange Entertainment facilities Medical facilities/services Other, i.e., sports, souvenirs, Transport terminals religious, etc.

Variety of accommodation/ facilities Postal communication restaurant facilities

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Tourism Support Infrastructures

Road network from service center Airports including passenger or terminal, amenities, transport attractions including stops, etc. services, etc. along the way. Potable water supply to serve Port facilities including passenger current andpassenger amenities, future tourism growth terminals, Power off-site andetc. transportation, on-site Liquid/solid waste disposal

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REASONS FOR TRAVELING

Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Motivation for Travel

Reasons which can be considered as the motivational factors for journey. push and pull factors Iso-Aloha (1980) escaping motives Plog (1973) Allocentric
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seeking

and and

Psychocentric

Maslow (1954)- Hierarchy of needs Ryan (1991) and Chadwick (1987)

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Self Actualizati Esteem Needs on (self-esteem) Social Needs
(sense of belonging, love) (security, protection)

Safety Needs

Physiological Needs
(hunger, thirst)

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RYAN: 1. Strengthening family bonds CHADWICK: 2. Social interaction 1. Pleasure rest, 3. Self-fulfillment relaxation, etc. 4. Sexual opportunity 2. Professional5. Shopping business, 6. Educational opportunity Master subtitle style meetings, etc. Click to edit 3. Others: medical 7. Escape 8. Play 9. Prestige 10. Relaxation 11. Wish fulfillment The Concept of Ryan (1991) and 7/5/12 Chadwick(1987)

Leisure Travel DeMotivators

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Cost of travel Lack of time Health Family stage Lack of interest Fear and safety

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The Tourism Industry

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(Main sectors of the Tourism Industry)