Click to edit Master subtitle style

Congenital Defects

Group-3

7/11/12

The heart, lungs, and blood vessels make up the circulatory system of the human body. The heart is the central pump of the circulatory system, and consists of four chambers: the left atrium and left ventricle, the right atrium and right ventricle.

7/11/12

The

heart has four valves that direct the flow of blood through the heart;

Normal Flow:
The

left atrium of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and then empties into the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
7/11/12

The

left ventricle pumps oxygenrich blood out to the rest of the body. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve and enters the aorta, the largest artery (a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood) in the body. Blood then flows from the aorta into the branches of many smaller arteries, providing the bodys organs and tissues with the oxygen and the nutrients 7/11/12

After

oxygen in the blood is released to the tissues, the now deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood returns to the heart through veins, the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood. This blood, which appears blue, enters the right atrium of the heart and then travels across the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
7/11/12

The

right ventricle then pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonic valve into the lungs. The oxygen in the air we breathe binds to cells within this blood that is being pumped through the lungs. The oxygen-rich blood, which appears red, then returns to the left atrium and enters the left ventricle, where it is pumped out of the body once again.
7/11/12

A congenital heart defects is an abnormality in the heart that is present at birth. Heart defects starts in the early weeks of pregnancy when the heart is forming. Defects range in severity from simple to life-threatening. Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect and are the #1 cause of death from birth defects during the 1st year of life.
7/11/12

Obstructive Defects
1)Coarctation of the aorta(COA) is a localized narrowing near the insertion of the ductus arteriosus, resulting in increased pressure proximal to the defect and decreased pressure distal to the obstruction.
7/11/12

2) aortic stenosis

7/11/12

3)pulmonic stenosis
- Is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve as the entrance of the pulmonary artery.

7/11/12

Defects With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow

Patent ductus arteriosus Cause is unknown.

7/11/12

Arterial Septal Defect

Is an abnormal opening in the septal wall between the two atria.

7/11/12

Venticular Septal Defect

Is an abnormal opening of the septal wall between the ventricles.

7/11/12

Atrioventricular Canal Defect

is the incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions.

7/11/12

Tetralogy of Fallot
Includes four defects: ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertroph

7/11/12

Tricuspid Atresia
is failure of the tricuspid valve to develop; consequently, no communicatio n occurs from right atrium to right ventricle.
7/11/12

Transposition of the Great Arteries

the pulmonary artery leaves the ventricle and the aorta exits from the right ventricle, with no communicati on between the systemic and pulmonary

7/11/12

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection a rare defect

characterized by failure of the pulmonary veins to join the left atrium.

7/11/12

Truncus Arteriosus
Is failure of normal septation and divisions of the embryonic bulbar trunk into the pulmonary artery and the aorta, resulting in

7/11/12

Hydroplastic Left Heart Syndrome

is underdevelop ment of the left side of the heart, resulting in a hypoplastic left ventricle and aortic atresia

7/11/12