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DDisebabkan intan adalah rapuh dan tidak tahan hentakan kuatymaka bent alat mataalat adalah peating Gan dipinakan untuk keyjkeya penyudahan, Suduk sadak yang rendah sering digunakan, untuk ‘menguatkan pinggirpemciong. ‘Alatalat intan boleh digunakan denagn memuaskan pada apa jua Kelajuan,tetapiianya lebih ses untuk frelakukan pemotongan halus and operasi Kemasan pecmukaan /akhir. tanya amat sesvai digunalan fntuk memesin alo bukan feres yang lembuisepert loi Kelli tahan lasaishaba dan bakan-bahan elas pkan logam seperti platk, serarik dan kaca.Intan tertahagi Kepada dua jens jainajenis sali dan ‘Uraan, Oleh kerana Kos yang tinggi, kebanyakan intan yang digunakan didalam bengkel adalah jis fiman. Sepert CBN, intan juga sing digunakan sebagai alat plelas untuk kerja-erja mencanai dan ‘Bahan alat pemotong, parameter pemotongan dan geomet mata alat yang dipilih secara Tangsungnya akan mempengaruhi produktvidoperasi pemesinan. Rajah 4.3 menggariskan Dbeberapa pembolchubah masukan yang mempengaruhi keputusan pemilihan bahanalat. Elemen elemen yang mempengaruhi keputusan ialah; ‘Cir bahan benda kerja (keadaan kimi atau metalurgi) ‘iri komponen (keperluan geomet, ketepatan Kemasan dan keutuhan permukasn) “© Cri mesin alt, termasuk pemepang bend kerja ketegaran yang mencukupi dengan kuasa eda yang tinggi bereama flat keajuan dan vluran yang las) ‘+ Sistem sokongan (keupayatn operator, penderia, kawalan dan Keadah pelineran dan pembuangan serpihan) wane == ° Sitieremapemaos—] : ‘Suuepianes tment te —— erry font Sa mt conpenin rete Rajah 43 Pemilihan bakan alat pemotongan dan geometrl dan Keadaan pPemotongan bagl sesuatu aplikas! bergantung kepada banyak pembolehubah, +4 “TOOL GEOMETRY ener gle ga belgporery in te Welter conertn Potato ce [Acuting ool must poses shape thats suited wo the machining operation. Ove nga tant way to elasfyeuting tools is acording to the machining process. Thus we hve turing tol, cto tos, milling ces, dil is, eames, ps, ad many oe tag tools that are named forthe operation in which they ae used each with ts own wig geometry. We explore these diferent tol in Chapter 25 in our discussion ofthe asc Sted machining operation. 'AS indicated i Section 23.1.2, cuting tols can be divided ito two cago ‘single-point tools and malpe-coing-edgetols. Tuming tools generally reps he frst ype, while els an milling euters represent the second. In this section. we fous ‘on be single-point tool to discuss the aspects of tool geometry. Many ofthe principles tat {apply 1 single-point ol also apply wo ter euting tool ypes, simply becase he meee anism of chip formation is basically the same fr all machining operations. Single-point Too! Geometry The general shape ofa single-point tool is ilu ‘rated in Figate 23:5; a more dete diagram is shown in Figre 248, We have pro sly treated the rake angle ofa cutng tol 2s one parameter. Ina single-point oc comer Soca a somes som = . na btn = S33 a nat i ost Graipaunnyar on om OLE ‘orientation ofthe rake face is defined by two angles, back rake angle (ay) aside rake ‘angle (o)- Together, these anges ae influential in determining the direction of chip low ‘ross the rake fae. The flank surface ofthe too i defined bythe end relief angle (ERA) ‘and sid elle angle (SRA). These angles deteins the amount of cearace betwen the tool andthe fesly cut work surface. The cuting edge ofa single-point too is divided fz two sections, side cating edge and end outing edge. These tvo sections are separst- ‘24 by the tool pont, which hus cern rads, calle the noe radius. The side cating ‘edge angle (SCEA) determines the en of te tool into the work and canbe used 10 Feduce the sudden force th tool experiences asi enters a workpar. Nose radius (NR) determines to age degre the texture of te suface generated inthe operation. Avery Pointed tool small ose ads) ess in very pronounced feed marks on the surface. End uting edge ange (ECEA) provides x clearance between the tiling edge of he tool and the newly generated work surface ths reducing rubbing and fiction agains the surface Tal there are seven elements of tol geometry fora single-point oa. When spec. ‘fled in he folowing ode, they ae collectively called the fool geometry signature: back rake angle, side ke angle, end rele angle, ide relief angle. end cating edge angle, side

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