Konsep Penilaian Resiko di ISM Code

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Apa yang dimaksud dengan resiko Definisi Tipe resiko pengoperasian kapal Mengapa kita butuh penilaian resiko Sejauh mana kita menilai resiko

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Dimana Resiko Berada ?

Kru tergelincir dan jatuh ? Kru tersengat listrik ? Kru tertimpa tangga ?

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Dimana Resiko Berada ?

HAZARD INCIDENT ACCIDENT CONSEQUENCE

WIRE GET EXPOSED

PERSONEL CONTACT TO ELECTRICITY

DEATH

ACCIDENT PROCESS
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Dimana Resiko Berada ?

Dapur Kebakaran ? Kru sakit ? Kru terpleset ?

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Definisi
Hazard: Sesuatu yang berpotensi mengancam terhadap keselamatan, kesehatan, kerusakan atau lingkungan Incident : Kejadian yang mungkin akan menyebabkan terjadi kecelakaan Accident: Kejadian yang tidak diharapkan yang berakibat pada manusia (kematian & luka-luka), kapal & property (kehilangan & kerusakan) dan lingkungan (kerusakan & kehancuran)
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Definisi
Resiko (Risk) : Kombinasi dari faktor frekuensi (frequency) dan faktor dampak (consequence) dari suatu kejadian yang berbahaya (accident or incident) Consequence/harm: Dampak negatif yang tidak diinginkan terhadap manusia, property & lingkungan dari suatu kejadian Frequency: Seberapa sering resiko suatu kejadian terjadi dalam periode waktu tertentu (misalkan per tahun)
RISK = FREQUENCY X CONSEQUENCE
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Risk Level

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Mengapa Penilaian Resiko ?

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Mengapa Penilaian Resiko ?

Mencegah atau mengurangi kegagalan Mengidentifikasi risk control option (RCO) Mengidentifikasi peralatan kritis di kapal Mengurangi human error dengan kesadaran resiko Menigkatkan training dan prosedur
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How Far Do We Calculate The Risk

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How Far Do We Calculate The Risk

Risk assessment is a process for identifying hazards and assessing the risk (probability and consequence) posed by each.

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RA in Deming Cycle (procedures development)

Plan
RA Standard Implement

Act
Mgmt Review

Do

Check
Incident Analysis
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Audit/review

13

RA in SMS Cycle (procedures implementation)

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RA in ISM Code (Explicit)

Objective company should include (1.2.2.): ISM 1994 : establish safeguards against all identified risk (how.imply to use risk assessment) ISM 2010: assess all risks to its ships, personnel and the environment (more clear)
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RA in ISM Code (Implicit)

4&5: Responsibility DPA & Master 6.5: Identification required training 7: Establish procedure 8.1: Identification of emergency preparedness 9 : Procedures for the implementation of corrective action, including measures intended to prevent recurrence (use RA). 10: Identification of critical systems BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA
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Responsibility Shipboard Personnel

Master Training ships' personnel for risk assessment and risk control Implement and evaluate the affairs of the risk control on board Identify potential risk on board and report it to company Control the record related this procedure
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Responsibility Shipboard Personnel

Safety officer (Designated as chief engineer or chief officer) Implement the affairs of the risk control on board Conduct tool Box Meeting before working Supervise the activities of for risk control regarding on board work
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Responsibility Ashore Personnel

DPA (Designated Person Ashore) Preparation, implementation and general management of risk assessment plan Setting up and distribution of Standards for the risk assessment and grade Review and approval of suitability, effectiveness for risk assessment Evaluate periodically the implementation of the risk assessment and risk control BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA
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Responsibility Ashore Personnel

Manager of Relevant Department Risk assessment for the task in charge Preparation of risk assessment and risk register Training shore-based personnel and ships' personnel for the technique of the risk assessment and risk control Updating of safety and health information related to task in charge Control the record related this procedure
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7. Shipboard Operation
Shipboard operation can be conducted through procedures, instructions, checklist etc. These procedures involve RA

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8. Emergency Preparedness
Procedure to identify, describe, respond to potential emergency shipboard operation Potential emergency entails hazards, incidents, accidents Procedures based on specific RA

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10. Critical equipment

RA result is a basis for identification whats critical equipment ? i.e. hazard situations: steering failure, not break down leading to delays whats action to done ? special test routine, additional monitoring equipment, extra inspections, back up equipment
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Scope of RA
Specific for ship/trade/area etc Shipboard personnel On going activity Operations, emergencies and critical systems Relevant case history lead to RA Incidents/accident/serious breakdown Training tools: enhance risk awareness Reviewing existing procedure
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Risk Assessment (Who, Why, What?)

Who is responsible? Company : DPA, Manager of Department Ship : Master, C/O (Deck Operation) & C/E (Engine Operation) with appropriate trainings. RA must be carried out in a group that can share views, experience etc lead by Master, C/O OR C/E Why we need it ? reduce risk to acceptable level in terms of money and severity level What should be assessed? work activities on the ship NOT for risk not reasonably foreseeable
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Risk Assessment (How ?)

How to introduce to company/ship
Development methodology/procedure with relevant reports Communicate the new policy to the fleet and explain the need/benefits of same Training: through seminars and/or presentations and/or fleet circulars Identify who should carry out the risk assessments: team better than one person DPA (or risk expert) and/or Superintendents should advise the fleet of how risk assessments should be carried out onboard the vessel, by whom, when, how often Completed risk assessments should be submitted to the Company for analysis and review (DPA job). Material for company audit.
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Persiapan Penilaian Resiko

Pembentukan Tim Tujuan Ruang lingkup Pendekatan teknis Sumber daya

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Tujuan
Menterjemahkan persyaratan dengan tujuan penilaian resiko Misal: resiko memasuki ruang terbatas (confined space) di kapal Analisa tujuan : apa yang dibutuhkan BUKAN identifikasi jenis resiko Persyaratan harus jelas dan relevan dengan tujuan yang diinginkan
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Ruang lingkup
Menetapkan batasan persoalan dan analisa Misal: jenis hazard, jenis konsekuensi, sejauh mana resiko akan dievaluasi, penetapan area yang berkontribusi terhadap resiko Membantu melakukan resiko secara efisien dan lebih spesifik terhadap pokok persoalan

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Pendekatan Teknis
Menentukan metode yang diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi hazard, memperkirakan frekuensi dan konsekuensi misal teknik modelling, sumber data dan program komputer

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Sumber Daya Manusia

Kebutuhan personil ditentukan kompleksitas persoalan, lama pekerjaan dan metode penilaian resiko yang digunakan Dibutuhkan kompetensi multi disiplin ilmu: teknik, operasional, pemeliharaan yang merepresentasikan persoalan yang dihadapi

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Pemilihan Metode Penilaian Resiko

Terdapat beragam jenis metode penilaian resiko di bidang maritim Kunci sukses penilaian resiko = pemilihan metode yang tepat Beragam faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan metode penilaian resiko

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Tingkat kedalaman analisa

Dipengaruhi oleh: Jenis masalah yang dihadapi Pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat Tingkat resiko yang dihadapi Biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk mengendalikan resiko Ketersediaan informasi dan data
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Tingkat kedalaman analisa

Gambar

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Faktor Kunci Pemilihan Metode

Jenis hasil yang diinginkan Daftar area masalah yang potensial Daftar mengapa masalah tsb terjadi Daftar alternatif cara mengurangi masalah Daftar area yang membutuhkan analisa lebih lanjut

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Faktor Kunci Pemilihan Metode

Jenis informasi yang tersedia Situasi saat sistem/aktivitas dianalisa Keterbatasan data yang tersedia, misal: tidak adanya gambaran detail aktivitas berupa prosedur dan gambar Kualitas dan kemuktahiran dokumentasi Type aktivitas/sistem
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Faktor Kunci Pemilihan Metode

Type aktivitas/sistem

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