KATA PENGANTAR

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Puji syukur kita panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas Rahmat dan Inayah-Nya sehingga
kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas ini. Shalawat dan salam marilah senantiasa kita junjungkan
kehadirat Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Saya ucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada para pengajar dan
narasumber SMF Bedah RSUP Fatmawati yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan
pembelajaran kepada kami.
Saya menyadari referat tentang Kegasan traktus urinarius ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan. Kritik dan saran yang membangun dari semua pihak sangat saya harapkan
demi kesempurnaannya.
Demikian yang dapat saya sampaikan, semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat
khususnya bagi kami yang sedang menempuh pendidikan dan dapat dijadikan pelajaran bagi
adik-adik kami selanjutnya.
Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan ada kemudahan. Maka bila kamu telah selesai
(dari suatu urusan), kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh urusan yang lain. Dan hanya
kepada Tuhanmulah hendaknya kamu berharap. (Q.S. Al Insyirah:6-7)

Jakarta, September 2012

Penyusun

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Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter | UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................i
DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................ii
KEGANASAN TRAKTUS URINARIUS..............................................................1
PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................................1
1. TUMOR GINJAL................................................................................................1
Adenokarsinoma Renal ......................................................................................2
Definisi................................................................................................................3
Anatomi...............................................................................................................4
Epidemiologi.......................................................................................................4
Etiologi................................................................................................................6
Patologi...............................................................................................................7
Staging dan grading ...........................................................................................8
Gambaran klinik..................................................................................................9
Diagnosis...........................................................................................................11
Studi image /pencitraan.....................................................................................11
Terapi................................................................................................................12
Prognosis ..........................................................................................................13
2. KARSINOMA BULI-BULI..............................................................................15
Insidensi............................................................................................................15
Faktor resiko dan patogenesis...........................................................................15
Staging..............................................................................................................16
Histopatologi.....................................................................................................18
Gambaran klinis................................................................................................19
Temuan laboratorium .......................................................................................20
Pencitraan ........................................................................................................21
Sistoskopi dan biopsi.......................................................................................22
Terapi ...............................................................................................................22
3. KARSINOMA PROSTAT................................................................................27
Etiologi .............................................................................................................27
Patologi.............................................................................................................28
Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter | UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

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Gambaran klinis................................................................................................28
Stadium.............................................................................................................29
Pencitraan ........................................................................................................31
Terapi ..............................................................................................................31
REFERENSI..........................................................................................................34

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Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter | UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta