Modulator

Demodulator
Transmission
Channel
Input
transducer
Transmitter
Receiver
Output
transducer
Carrier
EM waves (modulated
signal)
Baseband signal
(electrical signal)
Baseband signal
(electrical signal)
Basic analog communications system
3. Modulasi Amplitudo
Modulasi amplitudo ( AM = Amplitudo Modulation) :
Suatu teknik modulasi, dimana amplitudo sesaat gelombang
sinyal pembawa (carrier), diubah-ubah sesuai dengan
amplitudo sesaat gelombang sinyal informasi.
Amplitude Modulation is a process where the amplitude
of a carrier signal is altered according to information in a
message signal.
The frequency of the carrier signal is usually much greater
than the highest frequency of the input message signal.
Gelombang sinyal pembawa berfrekuensi tinggi, gelombang
sinyal informasi berfrekuensi rendah.
Beberapa jenis /macam teknik modulasi amplitudo :
1) AM-DSB-FC: Amplitudo Modulation Double Side Band Full Carrier
2) AM-DSB-SC: Amplitudo Modulation Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier
3) AM-SSB-FC: Amplitudo Modulation Single Side Band Full Carrier
4) AM-SSB-SC: Amplitudo Modulation Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier
5) AM-VSB : Amplitudo Modulation Vestigial Side Band, yang digunakan
AM-DSB-FC :
Modulator AM merupakan perangkat nonlinier.
Modulator memiliki dua input dan satu output.
Input pertama sinyal gelombang informasi V
m
(t).
Input kedua gelombang sinyal pembawa V
c
(t).
Output gelombang sinyal termodulasi V
AM
(t).
V
m
(t) = V
m
Sin
m
t.
V
c
(t) = V
c
Sin
c
t.

Persamaan Gel AM-DSB-FC :
Gelombang Sinyal Informasi
Gelombang Sinyal Pembawa
(Carrier)
Gelombang Sinyal AM
(termodulasi)
t f V t V For c c c t 2 cos ) ( =
t f V t V m m m t 2 cos ) ( =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
| | t f f t f f
mVc
t f V t V
gives Which
t f t f m V t f V t V get We
Y X Y X Y X Given
t f t f m V t V
t f t f V V t V Signal Modulated
m c m c c c AM
m c c c c AM
c m c AM
c m m c AM
) ( 2 cos ) ( 2 cos
2
2 cos ) (
:
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos ) ( :
) cos(
2
1
) cos(
2
1
) )(cos (cos :
2 cos 2 cos 1 ) (
2 cos 2 cos ) ( :
+ + + =
+ =
+ + =
+ =
+ =
t t t
t t t
t t
t t
Dimana m = Indeks modulasi,
c
m
V
V
m =
Persamaan Matematis Gelombang AM-DSB-FC
c
m
V
V
m =
%
%
X 100 %
X 100 %
Untuk Modulasi AM, indeks modulasi maksimum sebesar 1 atau
100 %, jika indeks modulasi lebih besar dari 1 atau lebih besar dari
100 %, maka akan terjadi over modulasi.
AM Percentage Modulation
Under modulated (<100%) 100% modulated
Envelope Detector
Can be used
Envelope Detector
Gives Distorted signal
Over Modulated (>100%)
AM Percentage Modulation
Spektrum, Bandwidth dan Daya AM-DSB-FC
Spektrum AM-DSB-FC
Banwidth,
Bw = 2 fm
Daya pancar total
AM-DSB-FC :
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
2
1
2
m
P P c t
DSB-FC EXAMPLE
1. FOR AN AM DSB-FC MODULATOR, WITH CARRIER FREQUENCY OF 100 kHz, AND A
MAXIMUM MODULATING SIGNAL OF 5 kHz,
DETERMINE:
a) FREQUENCY LIMITS FOR THE UPPER AND LOWER SIDEBANDS
Jawab : (100 - 5) kHz TO 100 kHz = 95 kHz TO 100 kHz = LSB
100 kHz TO (100 + 5) kHz = 100 kHz TO 105 kHz = USB
b) BANDWITH OF THE MODULATED SIGNAL
Jawab : B = 2 fm = 2 x 5 kHz = 10 kHz
Jawab : (100 - 3) kHz = 97 kHz = LSF
(100 + 3) kHz = 103 kHz = USF
c) UPPER AND LOWER SIDE FREQUENCIES WHEN MODULATING SIGNAL IS A 3 kHz
TONE
2. FOR THE AM WAVEFORM BELOW:
DETERMINE:
a) PEAK AMPLITUDE OF THE UPPER AND LOWER SIDE FREQUENCIES
) (
4
1
2
min max V V
V
V V
m
lsf usf = = =
Volt V V lsf usf 4 ) 2 18 (
4
1
= = =
b) PEAK AMPLITUDE OF THE UNMODULATED CARRIER
Volt V V Vc 10 ) 2 18 (
2
1
) (
2
1
min max = + = + =
c) PEAK CHANGE IN THE AMPLITUDE OF THE ENVELOPE
Volt V V Vm 8 ) 2 18 (
2
1
) (
2
1
min max = = =
Jawab :
Jawab :
Jawab :
d) COEFFICIENT INDEX
8 . 0
10
8
min max
min max
= =
+

= =
V V
V V
V
V
c
m
|
e) PERCENT MODULATION
% 80 % 100 8 . 0 % 100 = = = x x
V
V
m
c
m
% 80 % 100
2 18
2 18
% 100
min max
min max
=
+

=
+

= x x
V V
V V
M
Jawab :
Jawab :
3. ONE INPUT TO A CONVENTIONAL MODULATOR IS A 500 kHz CARRIER WITH
AN AMPLITUDE OF 20 Vp. THE SECOND INPUT IS A 10 kHz MODULATING
SIGNAL THAT IS OF SUFFICIENT AMPLITUDE TO CAUSE A CHANGE IN THE
OUTPUT WAVE OF .

DETERMINE:
a) UPPER AND LOWER SIDE FREQUENCIES
b) MODULATION COEFFICIENT AND PERCENT MODULATION
(500 + 10) kHz = 510 kHz = USF
(500 - 10) kHz = 490 kHz = LSF
Vp 5 . 7
375 . 0
20
5 . 7
= = m
% 5 . 37 % 100
20
5 . 7
= = x m
Jawab :
Jawab :
C) PEAK AMPLITUDE OF THE MODULATED CARRIER
d) UPPER AND LOWER SIDE FREQUENCY VOLTAGES
Vc (MODULATED) = Vc (UNMODULATED) = 20 Vp
Vp
mV V
V V
c m
lsf usf 75 . 3
2
) 20 ( 375 . 0
2 2
= = = = =
e) MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM AMPLITUDES OF THE ENVELOPE
m c m c V V V V V V = + = min max ;
Vp V 5 . 27 5 . 7 20 max = + =
Vp V 5 . 12 5 . 7 20 min = =
Jawab :
Jawab :
Jawab :
4. FOR AN AM DSB-FC WAVE WITH A PEAK UNMODULATED CARRIER VOLTAGE
Vc = 10 Vp, A LOAD RESISTANCE OF RL = 10 Ohms, AND A MODULATION INDEX
OF 1,

DETERMINE:
a) CARRIER POWER
b) UPPER AND LOWER SIDEBAND POWER
W
R
V
P
c
c 5
) 10 ( 2
10
2
2 2
= = =
W P
m
P P c lsb usb 25 . 1
4
) 5 ( 1
4
2
= = = =
c) TOTAL SIDEBAND POWER
W P
m
P P c lsb usb 5 . 2
2
) 5 ( 1
2
2
= = = +
Jawab :
Jawab :
d) TOTAL POWER IN THE MODULATED WAVE
W
m
P P c t 5 . 7 )
2
1
1 ( 5 )
2
1 (
2 2
= + = + =
POWER SPECTRUM:
Jawab :
Thankyou, see you
next week,
ok
Bye-bye