Struktur Beton I

STRUKTUR BETON I
(SNI 2847-2002)
OLEH :
MUDJI IRMAWAN
BAMBANG PISCESA
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1)
Design Method And Strength Requirement
General Principles Of Strength Design
Design For Flexure
Design For Flexure And Axial Load
Design For Slenderness Effect
Shear
Torsion
Shear Friction
Bracked, Corbel And Beam Ledges
Deep Flexural Members
One Way Slab System
Two Way Slab System
Footings
Additional :
Design For Biaxial Loading
Shear In Slabs
Walls
Structural Plain Concrete
Unified Design Provision
REFERENCES
PCA NOTES-ON ACI 318-99
SNI 2847-2002
NAWY
MCGREGOR
JACK C. MCCORMAC
CHUKIAWANG-CHARLE S G.SALMON
DESIGN METHOD AND STRENGTH
REQUIREMENTS (1)
Design Strength >= Required Strength (U)
Design Strength = Strength Reduction Factor (|) x
Nominal Strength
Strength Reduction Factor :
1. Faktor yang memperhitungkan kemungkinan
terjadinya kekuatan elemen struktur dibawah
kekuatan yang diinginkan akibat variasi dari material
penyusunnya dan juga akibat variasi dimensinya.
REQUIREMENTS (2)
Strength Reduction Factor :
2.Faktor yang memperhitungkan ketidak akuratan
persamaan desain (Design Equation).
3.Faktor yang memperhitungkan Derajad Daktilitas dan
Keandalan yang diperlukan pada elemen yang
dibebani.
4.Faktor yang memperhitungkan kepentingan dari
elemen pada struktur.

REQUIREMENTS (3)
Nominal Strength : Kekuatan elemen strutkur atau
potongan-penampang yang dihitung dengan
menggunakan asumsi dan persamaan kekuatan dari
metode desain kekuatan (Strength Design method)
sebelum diaplikasikan Strength Reduction Factor.
REQUIREMENTS (4)
Required Strength (U) : Load Factor x Service Load
Effect.
Load Factor : Faktor overload yang terjadi akibat
kemungkinan terjadinya variasi pembebanan yang
berlebih pada beban kerja (Service Load).
Service Load : Beban spesifik yang diatur oleh
peraturan pembebanan (Unfactored).
REQUIREMENTS (5)
Notation :
Required Strength (U):
Mu = Factored Flexural Moment
Pu = Factored Axial Load
Vu = Factored Shear Force
Tu = Factored Torsional Moment
REQUIREMENTS (6)
Notation :
Nominal Strength :
Mn = Nominal Flexural Moment Strength
Pn = Nominal Axial Load Strength At Given
Eccentricity.
Vn = Nominal Shear Strength
Tn = Nominal Torsional Moment Strength
REQUIREMENTS (7)
Notation :
Nominal Strength :
|Mn = Design Flexural Moment Strength
|Pn = Design Axial Load Strength At Given
Eccentricity.
|Vn = Design Shear Strength
|Tn = Design Torsional Moment Strength
REQUIREMENTS (8)
Strength Requirement :
Design Strength > Required Strength (U)
Strength Reduction Factor (|) x Nominal Strength >
Load Factor x Service Load Effect
Example :
| Mn > Mu
| Pn > Pu
| Vn > Vu

REQUIREMENTS (9)
REQUIREMENTS (10)
Nominal Strength:
Mn=As.fy.(d-a/2)
|.Mn=|[As.fy.(d-a/2)

Required Strength (U):
Mu=1.2Md+1.6Ml

Strength Design Requirement :
|.Mn>Mu
|[As.fy.(d-a/2)>1.2Md+1.6Ml
REQUIREMENTS (11)
Required Strength :
U=1.4D
U=1.2D+1.6L
U=1.2D+1.6L+0.5(A or R)
U=1.2D+1.0L+1.6W+0.5(A or R)
U=0.9D+1.6W
U=1.2D+1.0L+1.0E
U=0.9D+1.0E
U=1.4(D+F)
U=1.2(D+T)+1.6L+0.5(A or R)
REQUIREMENTS (12)
Keterangan :
D=Beban Mati
L=Beban Hidup
A=Beban Atap
R=Beban Hujan
W=Beban Angin
E=Beban Gempa
T=Beban Kombinasi Rangkak,Susut Dan Perbedaan
Penurunan
REQUIREMENTS (13)
Strength Reduction Factor (|):
Flexure Without Axial Load : 0.8
Axial Compression And Axial Compression W/ Flexure :
Members With Spiral Reinforcement : 0.7
Others Member : 0.65
Shear And Torsion : 0.75

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRENGTH
DESIGN (1)
Stress-Strain Curves Of Concrete
DESIGN (2)
Stress-Strain Reinforcement
DESIGN (3)
Design Assumption #1
Strain in Reinforcement And Concrete Shall Be Assumed
Directly Proportional From The Neutral Axis
DESIGN (4)
Strain in Reinforcement And Concrete Shall Be Assumed
Directly Proportional From The Neutral Axis
DESIGN (5)
Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression
fiber shall be assumed equal to cu =0.003
DESIGN (6)
Stress in reinforcement fs below the yield strength fy shall
be taken as Es times the steel strain cs . For strains greater
than fy/Es, stress in reinforcement shall be considered
independent of strain and equal to fy.
DESIGN (7)
Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in flexural
calculation of reinforced concrete.

Relationship between concrete compressive stress
distribution and concrete strain shall be assumed to be
rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, or any other shape that
results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement
with results of comprehensive tests.
DESIGN (8)
DESIGN (9)
DESIGN (10)
DESIGN (11)
Design Assumption
#6
Parabolic Stress-
Strain distribution in
concrete may be
considered satisfied
by an equivalent
rectangular concrete
stress distribution.
30MPa 58MPa
65 . 0 05 . 0
7
30 '
85 . 0 1 >
|
.
|
\
|

=
c f
|
DESIGN (12)
DESIGN (13)
DESIGN (14)
Dalam menganalisa struktur beton bertulang ada tiga
kondisi kegagalan yang harus diketahui :
Balanced Strain Condition
Kondisi dimana kegagalan elemen struktur terjadi pada
saat beton serat terluar tertekan mengalami kehancuran
bersamaan dengan terjadinya leleh pada tulangan baja
tarik terluar.
Over-Reinforced Condition
saat beton serat terluar tertekan mengalami kehancuran
tetapi leleh belum terjadi pada tulangan tarik terluar.
(Getas)
DESIGN (15)
Dalam menganalisa struktur beton bertulang ada tiga
kondisi kegagalan yang harus diketahui :
Under-Reinforced Condition
saat tulangan tarik terluar mengalami pelelehan tetapi
beton pada serat tertekan paling luar belum mengalami
kegagalan. (Daktail)

DESIGN (16)
DESIGN (17)
fy fy +
=
+
=
600
600
200000 / 003 . 0
003 . 0
DESIGN (18)
fy fy
f
c
+
=
600
600 85 . 0
' 1
|
Untuk menjamin sebuah struktur berada dalam kondisi
under reinforced maka :
(
+
= =
fy fy
f
c
bal
600
600 85 . 0
75 . 0 75 . 0
' 1
max
|

DESIGN (19)
Minimum Reinforcement Of Flexural Member
d b
f
d b
f
f
A
w
y
w
y
c
s
4 . 1
3
'
min
> =
DESIGN (20)
Stress Strain Diagram In 3 Condition :
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE (1)
Single Reinforced Concrete Beam
Force Equilibrium :
Moment Equilibrium :
A nominal strength coefficient of resistance Rn is obtained
when both sides of Eq. (2) are divided by bd2:
When b and d are preset, is obtained by solving the
quadratic equation for Rn:
Equation (3) can be used to determine the steel ratio
given Mu or vice-versa if the section properties b and d
are known. Substituting Mn = Mu/| into Eq. (3) and dividing
each side by fc :
Graphics Rn Vs
Example 1 (Analyzing) :
Calculate the Moment Nominal of The Concrete Section :
d=350mm h=400mm
b=250mm
cover=50mm
3D19
Mutu Beton (fc) : 35 MPa
Mutu Baja (fc) : 400 MPa
Example 1 (Analyzing) :
2 2
850 19 25 . 0 3 mm As = = t
mm
b f
f A
a
c
y s
71 . 45
250 35 85 . 0
400 850
85 . 0
'
=

= =
kNm M
M
a
d f A M
n
n
y s n
229 . 111
2
71 . 45
350 400 850
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
T
C
d
a
d-a/2
Example 2 (Design) :
Design the concrete section of the beam, which is simple
supported and were loaded as below :
L=6m
Ql=1.5t/m;Qd=1t/m
kNm M M M
kNm tm l q M
kNm tm l q M
l d u
l l
d d
76 . 158 15 . 66 6 . 1 1 . 44 2 . 1 6 . 1 2 . 1
15 . 66 75 . 6 6 5 . 1
8
1
8
1
1 . 44 5 . 4 6 1
8
1
8
1
2 2
2 2
= + = + =
= = = =
= = = =
Spesification :
Mutu Beton (fc)=35 MPa
Mutu Baja (fy)=400 MPa
#1 Determine maximum reinforcement ratio (max) for
material strength fc=35MPa And fy=400MPa :
65 . 0 814 . 0 1
65 . 0 05 . 0
7
30 35
85 . 0 1
65 . 0 05 . 0
7
30 '
85 . 0 1
> =
>
|
.
|
\
|

=
>
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
|
c f
0272 . 0
400 600
600
400
35 814 . 0 85 . 0
75 . 0
600
600 85 . 0
75 . 0 75 . 0
max
max
' 1
max
=
(

=
(
+
= =
|

f y f y
f
c
bal
Calculating |1
Calculating max :
#2 Compute bd2 required :
3 2
'
2 2
23008696
625 . 8 8 . 0
1000000 76 . 158
625 . 8
35 85 . 0
400 0272 . 0 5 . 0
1 400 0272 . 0
85 . 0
5 . 0
1
mm
R
M
bd
MPa R
f
f
f
bd
M
bd
M
R
n
u
n
c
y
y
u n
n
=
= =
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = =
|
|
#3 Size member so that bd2 > bd2 required :
mm d
mm b
37 . 303
250
23008696
250
= =
=
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = d + cover
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = 303.37 + 50 = 353.37 mm
Use minimum Beam Depth (h) = 400 mm
Therefore :
d = h cover = 400 50 = 350 mm
#4 Using the 400 mm. beam depth, compute a revised
value of :
MPa
bd
M
R
bd
M
R
u
n
u
n
48 . 6
350 250 8 . 0
1000000 76 . 158
2 2
2
=

= =
=
|
|
0035 . 0 0185 . 0 0272 . 0
400
4 . 1 4 . 1
35 85 . 0
48 . 6 2
1 1
400
35 85 . 0
0272 . 0
4 . 1
85 . 0
2
1 1
85 . 0
min max
min max
min
'
'
max
= > = > =
= = >
|
|
.
|
\
|
= > =
= >
|
|
.
|
\
|
= >

f y
f y f
R
f
f
c
n
y
c
#5 Compute As Required :
As = x b x d
As = 0.0185 x 250 x 350
As = 1618.75 mm2
Pakai 6 D19 (As=1701 mm2)

#6 CrossCheck The Moment Nominal with Moment
Ultimate :
kNm M kNm M
kNm
a
d f A M
n u
y s n
071 . 178 76 . 158
071 . 178
2
71 . 45
350 400 1701 8 . 0
2
= s =
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
| |
#7 Ilustrated The Section With Reinforcement :
d=350mm
b=250mm
h=400mm
cover=50mm
Concrete Section With Compression Reinforcement
( )
( )
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
=
2
'
' 85 . 0
1
'
1
a
d f A A M
f A A ab f
T C
y s s n
y s s c
c
( )
( ) ' '
' '
'
'
2
2
2
d d f A M
or
d d f A M
f A f A
T C
y s n
s s n
y ss s s
s
=
=
=
=
( ) ( ) ' '
2
'
2 1
d d f A
a
d f A A M
M M M
s s y s s n
n n n
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
+ =
2 1
'
T T T
C C C
T C
s c
+ =
+ =
=
Force Equilibrium :
Solving The Force Equilibrium We Achieved That :
( )
b f
f A A
a
b f
f A f A
a
c
y s s
c
s s y s
' '
85 . 0
'
;
85 . 0
'
=
=
Design Procedure :
#1 Calculate c < 0.75 cb :
d
fy
c c
b
+
= =
600
600
75 . 0 75 . 0
#2 Calculate As1 with c determined from above :
y
c
s
f
cb f
A
' 1
85 . 0 |
=
#3 Calculate Mn1 :
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
1
a
d f A M
y s n
Design Procedure :
#4 Calculate Mn-Mn1 :
#5 If Compression Reinforcement is Required Then
Calculate T2 :
#6 Control The Yield Of Compression Reinforcement :
0
0
1
1
s
>
n n
n n
M M
M M (Compression Reinforcement Is Required)
(Compression Reinforcement Is Not Required)
( ) '
'
1
2
d d
M M
T C
n n
s
= =
f y
c
d
f s
f y
c
d
f s
<
|
.
|
\
|
=
>
|
.
|
\
|
=
600
'
1
600
'
1
(Compression Reinforcement Yield)
(Compression Reinforcement Not Yield)
Design Procedure :
#7 Calculate The Required Compression Reinforcement :
#8 Calculate The Additional Tension Reinforcement :
#9 Calculate Required Reinforcement :
As = As1 + Ass
As = As

#10 Check Required Strength :
|Mn > Mu
( )
c s
s
s
f f
C
A
'
85 . 0 '
'
'
=
y
ss
f
T
A
2
=
Design the concrete section below if the factored moment
applied to the concrete section is 300 kNm (Mu) :
d=550mm
h=600mm
b=300mm
cover=50mm
cover=50mm
#1 Calculate c < 0.75 cb :
mm d
fy
c c
b
5 . 247 550
400 600
600
75 . 0
600
600
75 . 0 75 . 0 =
+
=
+
= s
#2 Calculate As1 with c determined from above c=85mm:
2
'
1543
400
300 85 35 814 . 0 85 . 0 85 . 0
mm
f
cb f
A
y
c
s
=

= =
#3 Calculate Mn1 :
kNm M
n
134 . 318
2
85 813 . 0
550 400 1543
1
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
#4 Calculate Mn-Mn1 :
#5 If Compression Reinforcement is Required Then
Calculate T2 :
#6 Control The Yield Of Compression Reinforcement :
0 686 . 56 314 . 318
8 . 0
300
1
> = = kNm M
M
n
u
|
( )
N
d d
M M
T C
n n
s
113372
500
1000000 686 . 56
'
'
1
2
=
= =
MPa fy MPa fs 400 247 600
85
50
1 = < =
|
.
|
\
|
=
(Compression Reinforcement Not Yield)
(Compression Reinforcement Is Required)
#7 Calculate The Required Compression Reinforcement :
#8 Calculate The Additional Tension Reinforcement :
#9 Calculate Required Reinforcement :
As = 1543 + 283 = 1826 mm2 ( 7 D 19 = 1988 mm2)
As = 521 mm2 (2 D 19 = 568 mm2)
( ) ( )
2
'
521
35 85 . 0 247
113372
85 . 0 '
'
' mm
f f
C
A
c s
s
s
=

=
=
2
2
283
400
113372
mm
f
T
A
y
ss
= = =
#10 Check The Moment Required :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) kNm M kNm M
M
d d f A
a
d f A f A M
u n
n
s s s s y s n
300 325 148 . 70 190 . 337 8 . 0
50 550 247 568
2
26 . 70
550 247 568 400 1988 8 . 0
' '
2
'
= > = + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
| |
mm
b f
f A f A
a
c
s s y s
378 . 73
300 35 85 . 0
247 568 400 1988
85 . 0
'
'
=

=
=
Design the concrete section below if the factored moment
applied to the concrete section is 300 kNm (Mu) :
d=550mm
h=600mm
b=300mm
cover=50mm
cover=50mm
T-Beam Concrete Section
bw
h
d
beff
hf
bw 2bo bw bw 2bo
beff beff beff
hf
Lo
No Effective Width
Spandrel Center T-Beam
1 beff < bw + 1/12 Lo beff < 1/4 Lo
2 beff < bw + 6 hf beff < bw + 16 hf
3 beff < bw + bo beff < bw + 2bo
Single T-Beam
1 beff < 4 bw
2 Flange Thickness (hf) > 1/2 bw
T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x < hf
T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x < hf
a b f C
eff c
=
'
85 . 0
y s
f A T =
Force Equilibrium :
eff c
y s
b f
f A
a

=
' 85 . 0
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
a
d f A M
y s n
T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x > hf
T-Beam Concrete Section Neutral Axis x > hf
( )
f w eff c
h b b f C =
' 2
85 . 0
y s
f A T =
Force Equilibrium :
f
eff
e
w c
y s
h
b
b
b f
f A
a
|
|
.
|
\
|

= 1
' 85 . 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
2 1
f
n
h
d C
a
d C M
a b f C
w c
=
' 1
85 . 0
T-Beam Concrete Section (Example 1) Analyze Mn :
bw=300mm
d=510mm
beff
hf=120mm
h=600mm
Specification :
fc = 40 MPa
fy = 400 Mpa
Lo = 6000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
10 D19
T-Beam Concrete Section (Example 1) :
#1 Calculate Beff Of T-Beam :
( )
( ) mm b b b
mm h b b
mm L b
o w eff
f w eff
o eff
4300 2000 2 300 2
2220 120 16 300 16
1500 6000 25 . 0
4
1
= + = + s
= + = + s
= = s
Diambil beff = 1500 mm
#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam :
mm hf mm
b f
fy As
a
eff c
120 235 . 22
1500 40 85 . 0
400 2835
' 85 . 0
= < =

=

=
kNm M
a
d f A M
n
y s n
565
2
235 . 22
510 400 2835
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
#3 Calculate Mn Of T-Beam :
bw=300mm
d=510mm
beff
hf=120mm
h=600mm
Specification :
fc = 20 MPa
fy = 500 Mpa
Lo = 4000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
10 D25
#1 Calculate beff Of T-Beam :
( )
( ) mm b b b
mm h b b
mm L b
o w eff
f w eff
o eff
4300 2000 2 300 2
2220 120 16 300 16
1000 4000 25 . 0
4
1
= + = + s
= + = + s
= = s
#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam :
mm hf mm
b f
fy As
a
eff c
120 375 . 144
1000 20 85 . 0
500 4908
' 85 . 0
= > =

=

=
mm
b
b
b f
f y As
a
eff
e
w c
76 . 201 1
300
1000
300 20 85 . 0
500 4908
1
' 85 . 0
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
#3 Calculate Mn Of T-Beam :
( ) ( )
kNm M
M
a
d C
h
d C M
kN a b f C
kN h b b f C
h
d C
a
d C M
n
n
f
n
w c
f w eff c
f
n
57 . 1063 97 . 420 6 . 642
2
76 . 201
510 1028
2
120
510 1428
2 2
1028 76 . 201 300 20 85 . 0 85 . 0 2
1428 120 300 1000 20 85 . 0 85 . 0 1
2 2
2 1
'
'
2 1
= + =
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
= = =
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
bw=300mm
d=510mm
beff
hf=120mm
h=600mm
Specification :
fc = 40 MPa
fy = 400 Mpa
Lo = 6000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
10 D19
d=20mm
5 D19
#1 Calculate Beff Of T-Beam :
( )
( ) mm b b b
mm h b b
mm L b
o w eff
f w eff
o eff
4300 2000 2 300 2
2220 120 16 300 16
1500 6000 25 . 0
4
1
= + = + s
= + = + s
= = s
#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam with assumption that
compression and tension steel yield :
( )
( )
' 12 . 11
1500 40 85 . 0
400 1417 2835
' 85 . 0
'
d h mm
b f
f A A
a
f
eff c
y s s
< < =

=

=
Therefore the first assumption that the compression steel
is yield is not true because a < d, this means that the
compression steel is tension steel. Analyzing the beam
using single reinforced concrete :
' 235 . 22
1500 40 85 . 0
400 2835
' 85 . 0
d hf mm
b f
fy As
a
eff c
> < =

=

=
From the calculation before a < hf and a > d this means
that actualy the top reinforcement is in compression but not
yielding. #3 Calculate the stress in compression
reinforcement :
65 . 0 778 . 0
65 . 0 05 . 0
7
30 40
85 . 0
65 . 0 05 . 0
7
30
85 . 0
1
1
'
1
> =
>
|
.
|
\
|

=
> |
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
|
c
f
mm
a
x 57 . 28
778 . 0
235 . 22
1
= = =
|
#3 Calculate the stress in compression reinforcement :
MPa
x
d
fs 978 . 179 600
57 . 28
20
1 600
'
1 ' =
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
( )
( )
mm
b f
f A f A
a
eff c
s s y s
23 . 17
1500 40 85 . 0
99 . 179 1417 400 2835
' 85 . 0
'
=

=

=
#4 Calculate the new value of a :
( ) ( )
( )
( ) kNm M
M
d d f A
a
d f A f A M
n
n
s s s s y s n
567 8215 . 126 39 . 441
2
20
510 179 1417
2
23 . 17
510 179 1417 400 2835
' '
2
'
= + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
bw=300mm
d=510mm
beff
hf=100mm
h=600mm
Specification :
fc = 20 MPa
fy = 500 Mpa
Lo = 4000 mm
Bo = 2000 mm
10 D25
5 D19
#1 Calculate beff Of T-Beam :
( )
( ) mm b b b
mm h b b
mm L b
o w eff
f w eff
o eff
4300 2000 2 300 2
2220 120 16 300 16
1000 4000 25 . 0
4
1
= + = + s
= + = + s
= = s
#2 Calculate a Of T-Beam with assumption that
compression and tension steel yield :
( )
( )
' 103
1000 20 85 . 0
500 1417 4908
' 85 . 0
'
d h mm
b f
f A A
a
f
eff c
y s s
> > =

=

=
Therefore the first assumption that the compression steel
is yield is might be true because a > d, #3 Calculate the
stress in compression reinforcement :
85 . 0
1
= |
mm
a
x 176 . 121
85 . 0
103
1
= = =
|
MPa fy MPa
x
d
fs 500 97 . 500 600
176 . 121
20
1 600
'
1 ' = > =
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
#4 Since the compression steel is yielding therefore the
first assumption is right, therefore the a value before is
used :
( ) ( )
( )
( ) kNm M
M
d d f A
a
d f A f A M
n
n
s s s s y s n
69 , 1138 25 . 354 44 . 784
2
20
510 500 1417
2
176 . 121
510 500 1417 500 4908
' '
2
'
= + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
DESIGN FOR SHEAR (1)
Shear Strength Of Concrete Section
Perlawanan geser yang terjadi setelah retak miring :
1. Perlawanan geser beton yang belum retak, Vcz.
2. Gaya ikat (interlock) antara aggregat atau transfer
geser antar permukaan.
3. Aksi pasak (dowel action), Vd.
4. Aksi pelengkung (arch action), Deep Beam.
5. Perlawanan tulangan geser bila ada, Vs.
Types of Reinforcement
Fungsi tulangan geser (Sengkang Begel):
1. Memikul sebagian gaya geser, Vs.
2. Melawan pertumbuhan geser miring dan ikut menjaga
terpeliharanya lekatan/geseran antar aggregat.
3. Mengikat batang tulangan memanjang untuk tetap
diposisinya.
4. Aksi pasak pada beton dan aksi ikatan (confinement)
sengkang meningkatkan kekuatan.
Shear nominal strength (Vn) of concrete section is a
combination of shear strength from concrete (Vc) and sehar
strength from shear reinforcement (Vs) :
Vn=Vc+Vs
Where Vc :

If accurate calculation were used then :
d b f Vc
w c '
6
1
=
d b f d b
b M
d V
f V
w c w
u
u
w c c ' '
3 . 0 120
7
1
s
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
Where :
bd
A
s
w
=
1 s
u
u
M
d V
If there is an axial compression load acting in the concrete
section therefore Vn can be calculated as follows:
d b f
A
N
V
w c
g
u
c '
6
1
14
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
Nu/Ag is in MPa.
If accurate calculation were used (Axial Compression Load)
:

Where :
g
u
w c w
m
u
w c c
A
N
d b f d b
M
d V
f V
3 . 0
1 3 . 0 120
7
1
' '
+ s
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
.
|
\
|

=
8
4 d h
N M M
u u m
If there is an axial tension load acting in the concrete section
therefore Vn can be calculated as follows:
Nu/Ag is in MPa.

For circular concrete section area for Vc can be calculated
from diameter multiplied by effective width (d=0.8h).
0
6
1 3 . 0
1
'
s
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = d b f
A
N
V
w c
g
u
c
Minimum shear reinforcement area Avmin :

Minimum shear force acquired from shear reinforcement :
y
w
v
f
s b
A
3
min
=
d b V
w s
3
1
min
=
Design Of Shear Reinforcement
Design of shear reinforcement is divided into several
categories, which each category is corresponds with the
shear forces acting on the concrete section. This category is
divided as below :
Condition 1 :
c u
V V | 5 . 0 s
Shear reinforcement is not required.
Condition 2 :
c c
V Vu V | | s s 5 . 0
Smax < d/2 or Smax < 600 mm, minimum shear
reinforcement need to be chekced.
Condition 3 :
Smax < d/2 or Smax < 600 mm, minimum shear
reinforcement need to be chekced.
Condition 4 :
( )
min s c c
V V Vu V + s s | |
( )
|
.
|
\
|
+ s s + d b f V Vu V V
w c c s c ' min
3
1
| |
Smax < d/2 or Smax < 600 mm, shear reinforcement need
to be calculated as follows :
s
d f A
V V V V
y v
s c u sperlu
= = ; | |
Condition 5 :
Smax < d/4 or Smax < 600 mm, shear reinforcement need
to be calculated as follows :
s
d f A
V V V V
y v
s c u sperlu
= = ; | |
|
.
|
\
|
+ s s
|
.
|
\
|
+ d b f V Vu d b f V
w c c w c c ' '
3
2
3
1
| |
Condition 6 :
Enlarge the concrete cross section.
|
.
|
\
|
+ > d b f V Vu
w c c '
3
2
|
Design Of Shear Reinforcement (Example 1)
L=6m
Ql=6t/m;Qd=4t/m Spesification :
Mutu Beton (fc)=35 MPa
Mutu Baja (fy)=400 Mpa
Lebar Balok = 300 mm
Tinggi Balok = 500 mm

Desain tulangan geser
yang diperlukan untuk
memikul beban geser
yang terjadi.
Ra=Rb=43.2 ton = 423.36 kN
423.36 kN
423.36 kN
Bidang Gaya Lintang
#1 Check All Shear Boundary Condition before calculating
the shear reinforcement :
Condition 1 :

Condition 2 :
kN d b f Vc
w c
133 450 300 35
6
1
6
1
'
= = =
kN V V
c u
9 . 49 133 75 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 = = s |
kN Vu kN
V Vu V
c c
8 . 99 9 . 49
5 . 0
s s
s s | |
Condition 3 :

Condition 4 :
kN V
s
45 450 300
3
1
min
= =
( )
( ) kN Vu kN
V V Vu V
s c c
5 . 133 45 133 75 . 0 8 . 99
min
= + s s
+ s s | |
( )
( ) kN Vu kN
d b f V Vu V V
w c c s c
5 . 299 266 133 75 . 0 5 . 133
3
1
' min
= + s s
|
.
|
\
|
+ s s + | |
Condition 5 :

Condition 6 (Concrete Section Is Satisfied) :
( ) kN Vu kN
d b f V Vu d b f V
w c c w c c
75 . 498 532 133 75 . 0 5 . 299
3
2
3
1
' '
= + s s
|
.
|
\
|
+ s s
|
.
|
\
|
+ | |
kN kN
d b f V Vu
w c c
75 . 498 6 . 423
3
2
'
s
|
.
|
\
|
+ > |
#2 Drawing The Shear Boundary Condition :
Vu=423.36 kN
V=498.75kN
IV=299.5kN
III=133kN
II=99.8kN
X1=0.878m
X2=2.057m
X3=2.3m
X4=3m
#3 Calculate each boundary distance :
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
m X
m
Ql Qd
Vu
X
m
Ql Qd
Vu
X
m
Ql Qd
Vu
X
3
300 . 2
8 . 58 6 . 1 2 . 39 2 . 1
8 . 99 36 . 423
6 . 1 2 . 1
133
057 . 2
8 . 58 6 . 1 2 . 39 2 . 1
133 36 . 423
6 . 1 2 . 1
133
878 . 0
8 . 58 6 . 1 2 . 39 2 . 1
5 . 299 36 . 423
6 . 1 2 . 1
5 . 299
4
3
2
1
=
=
+

=
+

=
=
+

=
+

=
=
+

=
+

=
#4 Calculate required shear reinforcement in each condition
:
Condition II :

Use 2 Leg of |10, As = 157 mm2,. Use s = 200 mm.

Since smax < d/2 = 450/2 =225 mm or smax <600mm.
Therefore s = 200mm is adequate.
kN d b V
w s
45
3
1
min
= =
2 2
min
157 50
400 3
200 300
3
mm Av mm
f
s b
A
y
w
v
= < =
= =
kN V kN
s
d f A
V
s
y v
s
45 3 . 141
200
450 400 157
min
= > =

= =
:
Condition III :

Use 2 Leg of |10, As = 157 mm2,. Use s = 200 mm.

Since smax < d/2 = 450/2 =225 mm or smax <600mm.
Therefore s = 200mm is adequate.
kN d b V
w s
45
3
1
min
= =
2 2
min
157 50
400 3
200 300
3
mm Av mm
f
s b
A
y
w
v
= < =
= =
kN V kN
s
d f A
V
s
y v
s
45 3 . 141
200
450 400 157
min
= > =

= =
:
Condition IV :

Therefore in condition IV use s = 100 mm, since smax < d/2
= 450/2 = 225 mm and smax < 600 mm, s =100 mm is
adequate.
kN
V V
V
c u
sperlu
26 . 266
75 . 0
8 . 99 5 . 299
=
=
|
|
mm
V
d f A
s
s
y v
106
26 . 266
450 400 157
=

= =
:
Condition V :

Therefore in condition IV use s = 50 mm, since smax < d/3 =
450/4 = 112.5 mm and smax < 300 mm, s =50 mm is
adequate.
kN
V V
V
c u
sperlu
73 . 431
75 . 0
8 . 99 6 . 423
=
=
|
|
mm
V
d f A
s
s
y v
65
73 . 431
450 400 157
=

= =
#5 Drawing the shear reinforcement with the spacing shown
below :
3m
0.878m
1.179m
0.943m
S=50mm S=100mm S=200mm
#4 Drawing the cross section with longitudinal and shear
reinforcement :
Condition V
|10-50mm
b=300mm
h=500mm
4D 19
10D 19

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