Indikator
Materi Ajar
1.
Identitas Trigonometri
Suatu
persamaan
yang
dipenuhi
oleh
semua
variabelnya
disebut
Menurut definisi :
Sin =
a
c
Ctan =
Cos =
b
c
Sec =
c
b
Tan =
a
b
Cosec =
c
a
b
a
1. Sin2 + Cos2 = +
c
c
a
=
=
a2
c
a2 + b2
c
5. Ctan2 + 1
b2
c
b
a
c2
=1
a
a b Sin
2. tan = = =
b b Cos
c
6. Sec
b
b c Cos
3.ctan= = =
=
a a Sin
c
7. Cosec
= +1
b2
a
a2
a
b2 + a2
a
= Cosec2
a2
1
c
=
= b
b
c
1
Cos
1
1
c
=
= a =
a
Sin
c
b
c = Cos
a Sin
c
8. Ctan
a
b
a
4. tan2 + 1 = + 1 = 2 + 2
b
a 2 +b 2
b2
c2
b2
b 1
=
= a a
b
=
= Sec2
1
tan
Contoh :
1. Buktikan : Sec A Cos A = tan A . Sin A
Bukti :
Sec A Cos A
1
CosA
CosA
2
= 1 Cos A
CosA
2
Sin A
CosA
SinA
SinA
CosA
=
=
Cos 2 x
1
Cos 2 x
= 1 + Sin2x 2 Sin2x
= 1 Sin2x
= Cos2x
(terbukti)
2. Persamaan Trigonometri
Persamaan trigonometri adalah persamaan yang memuat satu atau beberapa
fungsi trigonometri dari beberapa sudut yang belum diketahui.
a. Persamaan trigonometri bentuk sederhana
(i) x = 0 + k.3600
(ii) x = (1800-) + k.360
(i) x = 0 + k.3600
(ii) x = -0 k . 3600
3. Jika tg x = tg maka
(i) x = + k.1800
Dimana k adalah bilangan bulat.
Atau
1. Jika sin x = Sin maka
(i) x = + k . 2
(ii) x = ( - ) + k . 2
(i) x = + k . 2
(ii) x = - + k . 2
3. Jika tg x = tg maka x = + k .
Dimana k adalah bilangan bulat.
Contoh :
untuk 0 x 3600
Jawab :
Sin x =
untuk 0 x 2 !
Jawab :
Tg x = 1/3 3
Tg x = tg
maka x =
+k.
6
6
Jadi Hp = {
k=0x=
+0.=
6
6
k=1x=
7
+ 1. =
6
6
k=2x=
13
tidak memenuhi
+ 2. =
6
6
7
,
}
6
6
b. cos 2x =
Jawab :
c.
tan 3x = -1
(ii)
a. 2 sin 2x =
600 + k . 3600
sin 2x =
2x = 1200 + k . 3600
2x = 1800
x = 600 + k . 1800
x = 300 + k . 1800
k = 0 x = 300 + 0 . 1800 = 300
k = 2 600+2.1800 = 4200
memenuhi)
k = 2 x = 300+2.1800=3900 (tidak
memenuhi)
(tidak
b. Cos 2x =
cos 2x = Cos 600 maka :
x = -300 + k . 1800
k = 0 x = -300+0.1800= -300 (tidak
memenuhi)
x = 300 + k . 1800
k = 0 x = 300 + 0 . 1800 = 300
(tidak
memenuhi)
memenuhi)
3 tan 3x = -1
tan 3x =
1
1
=
3 tan 3x = tan 1500
3
3
Tentukan Hp dari
Jawab :
3 Cos (4x + ) = -1
4x + = 5/6 + k . 2
5
6
(ii) 4x + = +k .2
4x = 5/6 - + k . 2
4x
4x = -/6 + k . 2
5
+k .2
6
x = -/24 + k . /2
k = 0 x = -/24 + 0 . /2 =
-/24
11
+k .2
6
(tidak memenuhi)
4x =
11
+1. =
24
2 24
23
k = 2 x = +2. =
24
2 24
35
k = 3 x = +3. =
24
2 24
47
k = 4 x = + 4. =
24
2 24
59
k = 5 x = +5. =
24
2 24
( tidak memenuhi )
k = 1 x =
11
+k .
24
2
11
11
+0. =
24
2
24
( tidak memenuhi )
k = 0 x =
11
1
+1. =
24
2 24
11
13
k = 2 x = +2. =
24
2 24
11
25
k = 3 x = +3. =
24
2 24
11
37
k = 4 x = + 4. =
24
2 24
11
49
k = 5 x = +5. =
24
2 24
( tidak memenuhi )
k = 1 x =
Jadi
Hp
1 11 13 23 25 35 37
47
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
4 24 24 24 24 24 24
24
}
III.
Tentukan penyelesaian
Jawab :
3 tan x = 1 untuk 0 x 2 !
3 tan x = 1
tan x = 1/ 3
tan x = tan /6 maka :
x = /6 + k .
x = /3 + k . 2
k = 0 x = /3 + 0 . 2 = /3
k = 1 x = /3 + 1 . 2 = 7/3 (tidak memenuhi)
Jadi Hp = {
}
3
Sin x = 1
(i)
x = 900 + k . 3600
k = 0 x = 900 + 0 . 3600 = 900
k = 1 x = 900 + 1 . 3600 = 4500
(tidak memenuhi)
Sin 5x sin x = 0
(i) 2x = 0 + k . 3600
2 Cos 3x . Sin 2x = 0
x = k . 1800
k = 0 x = 0 . 1800 = 0
k = 2 x = 2 . 1800 = 3600
(i)
3x = 900 + k . 3600
k = 1 x = 1 . 1800 = 1800
x = 300 + k . 1200
k = 3 x = 3 . 1800 = 5400
(tidak memenuhi)
2x = 1800 + k . 3600
x = 900 + k . 1800
(tidak memenuhi)
x = -30 + k . 120
(tidak memenuhi)
Cos 4x Cos 2x = 0
(i)
-2 Sin 3x Sin x = 0
k = 0 x = 00 + 0 . 3600 = 00
k = 1 x = 00 + 1 . 3600 = 3600
k = 2 x = 00 + 2 . 3600 = 7200
(i)
x = 00 k . 3600
(tidak memenuhi)
3x = 00 + k . 3600
x = 00 + k . 1200
x = 1800 00 + k . 3600
k = 0 x = 00 + 0 . 1200 = 0
(ii)
k = 1 x = 00 + 1 . 1200 = 1200
x = 1800 + k . 3600
k = 0 x = 1800 + 0 . 3600 = 1800
k = 2 x = 00 + 2 . 1200 = 2400
k = 3 x = 00 + 3 . 1200 = 3600
(tidak memenuhi)
k = 4 x = 00 + 4 . 1200 = 4800
(tidak memenuhi)
3600}
3x = 1800 + k . 3600
x = 600 + k . 1200
k = 0 x = 600 + 0 . 1200 = 600
k = 1 x = 600 + 1 . 1200 = 1800
k = 2 x = 600 + 2 . 1200 = 3000
k = 3 x = 600 + 3 . 1200 = 4200
(tidak memenuhi)
a 2 +b 2
b
,
a
Contoh :
Tentukan nilai x yang memenuhi persamaan Cos x Sin x = 1 untuk 0 x
3600 !
Jawab :
Cos x Sin x = 1
a=1
b = -1
k=
a 2 +b 2
b
a
tan =
a Cos x0 + b sin x = c
c=1
1 2 +( 1) 2 = 1 +1 = 2
tan =
1
1 ( kw IV ) maka = 315
1
1
1
=
2
2 2
ii.
(p + 2) (p 1) = 0
p + 2 = 0 atau p 1 = 0
p = -2 p = 1
p = -2 Sin x = -2 (tidak mungkin, karena Sin x -1)
p=1
Sin x = 1
Sin x = Sin 900 maka :
(i) x = 900 + k . 3600
k = 0 x = 900 + 0 . 3600 = 900
k = 1 x = 900 + 1 . 3600 = 4500 (tidak memenuhi)
(ii) x = 1800 900 + k . 3600
k = 0 x = 900 + k . 3600 = 900 (sama dengan (i))
Jadi Hp = {900)
A. Soal
1. Buktikan:
1 tg 2 x
= cos 2 x !
1 + tg 2 x
b. tan x = -3
b. tan 5x = -
1
3
3
1 tg 2 x
= cos 2 x
1 + tg 2 x
sin 2 x
1 tg 2 x
cos 2 x
=
1 + tg 2 x
sin 2 x
1
cos 2 x
1
10
b. 3cos x + 3sin x = 3
cos 2 x sin 2 x
cos 2 x
=
cos 2 x + sin 2 x
cos 2 x
=
=
cos 2 x sin 2
cos 2 x + sin 2 x
cos 2 x
1
= cos 2x ( terbukti)
2.a. cos x = 3
cos x = cos 30 0
maka berlaku:
(i). x = 30 + k.360 0
k = 0 x = 30 0
k = 1 x = 390 0 ( tidak memenuhi)
(ii). x = - 30 + k.360 0
k = 0 x = - 30 0 (tidak memenuhi)
k = 1 x = 330 0
k = 2 x = 690 0 (tidak memenuhi)
Jadi Hp : { 30 0 , 330 0 )
b. tan x = -3
tan x = tan 120 0
maka berlaku
x = 120 0 + k. 180 0
k = 0 x = 120 0
k = 1 x = 300 0
k = 2 x = 480 0 ( tidak memenuhi)
Jadi Hp : { 120 0 , 300 0 }
3.a. sin 3x = 2
sin 3x = sin 45 0
maka berlaku:
11
(i). 3x = 45 0 + k.360 0
x = 15 0 + k.120 0
k=0 x = 15 0
k=1 x = 135 0
k=2 x = 255 0
k=3 x = 375 0 ( tidak memenuhi )
(ii). 3x = ( 180 45 )
+ k.360 0
3x = 135 0 + k.360 0
x = 45 0 + k.120 0
k=0 x = 45 0
k=1 x = 165 0
k=2 x = 285 0
k=3 x = 405 0 ( tidak memenuhi )
Jadi Hp: { 15 0 ,45 0 ,135 0 ,165 0 ,255 0 ,285 0 }
b. tan 5x = -
1
3
3
tan 5x = tan 30 0
maka berlaku
5x = 30 0 + k.180 0
x = 6 0 + k.36 0
k=0 x = 5 0
k=1 x = 42 0
k=2 x = 78 0
k=3 x = 114 0
k=4 x = 150 0
k=5 x = 186 0
k=6 x = 222 0
k=7 x = 258 0
k=8 x = 294 0
k=9 x = 330 0
k=10 x = 366 0 (tidak memenuhi)
12
untuk sin x = 1
sin x = sin 90 0
(i). x = 90 + k.360 0
k=0 x = 90 0
k=1 x = 450 0 ( tidak memenuhi)
(ii). x = (180 90 )
+ k. 360 0
x = 90 + k.360 0
k=0 x = 90 0
k=1 x = 450 0 ( tidak memenuhi)
Jadi Hp: { 90 0 }
b. 3cos x + 3sin x = 3
k=
33 + 3 2
tgn =
9 + 3 = 12 = 2 3
3
= 30 0
3
3cos x + 3sin x = 3
kcos (x-) = 3
23cos (x 30 0 ) = 3
cos ( x 30 0 ) =
3
2 3
cos ( x 30 0 ) =
cos ( x 30 0 ) = cos 60
maka berlaku
(i). x 30 0 = 60 0 + k. 360 0
x = 90 0 + k. 360 0
k=0 x = 90 0
13
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